The dynamic properties of mitochondria-including their fusion, fission, and degradation-are critical for their optimal function in energy generation. The interplay of fusion and fission confers widespread benefits on mitochondria, including efficient transport, increased homogenization of the mitochondrial population, and efficient oxidative phosphorylation. These benefits arise through control of morphology, content exchange, equitable inheritance of mitochondria, maintenance of high-quality mitochondrial DNA, and segregation of damaged mitochondria for degradation. The key components of the machinery mediating mitochondrial fusion and fission belong to the dynamin family of GTPases that utilize GTP hydrolysis to drive mechanical work on biological membranes. Defects in this machinery cause a range of diseases that especially affect the nervous system. In addition, several common diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, strongly affect mitochondrial dynamics.

中文翻译：

---

线粒体动力学及其与疾病的关系。

线粒体的动态特性（包括它们的融合，裂变和降解）对于它们在能量产生中的最佳功能至关重要。融合与裂变的相互作用为线粒体带来了广泛的益处，包括有效的运输，线粒体群体均质化的提高以及有效的氧化磷酸化。这些好处是通过控制形态，内容交换，线粒体的公平遗传，维持高质量的线粒体DNA以及将受损的线粒体分离以进行降解而产生的。介导线粒体融合和裂变的机械的关键组成部分是GTPas的动力学家族，它们利用GTP水解来驱动生物膜上的机械作用。该机器的缺陷会导致一系列疾病，特别是影响神经系统。另外，包括神经退行性疾病和癌症在内的几种常见疾病也强烈影响线粒体动力学。