ABSTRACT

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are regarded as promising graft substitutes for bone tissue engineering. However, their wide use is limited by the high cost associated with the complex synthetic processes involved in their fabrication. Cheaper xenogeneic calcium phosphate (CaP) materials derived from waste animal bone may solve this problem. Moreover, the surface topography, mechanical strength, and cellular function of CPCs are influenced by the ratio of micro- to nano-sized CaP (M/NCaP) particles. In this study, we developed waste equine bone (EB)-derived CPCs with various M/NCaP particle ratios to examine the potential capacity of EB-CPCs for bone grafting materials. Our study showed that increasing the number of NCaP particles resulted in reductions in roughness and porosity while promoting smoother surfaces of EB-CPCs. Changes in the chemical properties of EB-CPCs by NCaP particles were observed using X-ray diffractometry. The mechanical properties and cohesiveness of the EB-CPCs improved as the NCaP particle content increased. In an in vitro study, EB-CPCs with a greater proportion of MCaP particles showed higher cell adhesion. Alkaline phosphatase activity indicated that osteogenic differentiation by EB-CPCs was promoted with increased NCaP particle content. These results could provide a design criterion for bone substitutes for orthopedic disease, including periodontal bone defects.

摘要

磷酸钙骨水泥（CPCs）被认为是骨组织工程的有前途的移植替代品。然而，它们的广泛使用受到与其制造中涉及的复杂合成过程相关的高成本的限制。来自废弃动物骨头的更便宜的异种磷酸钙 (CaP) 材料可以解决这个问题。此外，CPCs 的表面形貌、机械强度和细胞功能受微米级与纳米级 CaP (M/NCaP) 颗粒比例的影响。在这项研究中，我们开发了具有不同 M/NCaP 颗粒比的废马骨 (EB) 衍生的 CPC，以检查 EB-CPC 用于骨移植材料的潜在能力。我们的研究表明，增加 NCaP 颗粒的数量会导致粗糙度和孔隙率降低，同时促进 EB-CPC 表面更光滑。使用 X 射线衍射仪观察 NCaP 颗粒对 EB-CPC 化学性质的变化。随着 NCaP 颗粒含量的增加，EB-CPC 的机械性能和内聚性得到改善。在一项体外研究中，具有更高比例的 MCaP 颗粒的 EB-CPC 显示出更高的细胞粘附性。碱性磷酸酶活性表明 EB-CPCs 的成骨分化随着 NCaP 颗粒含量的增加而得到促进。这些结果可以为骨科疾病（包括牙周骨缺损）的骨替代物提供设计标准。具有更大比例的 MCaP 颗粒的 EB-CPC 显示出更高的细胞粘附性。碱性磷酸酶活性表明 EB-CPCs 的成骨分化随着 NCaP 颗粒含量的增加而得到促进。这些结果可以为骨科疾病（包括牙周骨缺损）的骨替代物提供设计标准。具有更大比例的 MCaP 颗粒的 EB-CPC 显示出更高的细胞粘附性。碱性磷酸酶活性表明 EB-CPCs 的成骨分化随着 NCaP 颗粒含量的增加而得到促进。这些结果可以为骨科疾病（包括牙周骨缺损）的骨替代物提供设计标准。