Antibodies to neutrophil and HLA antigens can cause pulmonary transfusion reactions, and in some cases acute lung injury. When evaluating cases of pulmonary transfusion reactions, it is often necessary to test donors for neutrophil and HLA antibodies and also type the recipient for neutrophil and HLA antigens. A variety of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry-based solid phase assays are available to test for HLA class I and class II antibodies, but not neutrophil antibodies. Screening for neutrophil antibodies requires the preparation of panels of fresh neutrophils and testing in agglutination, immunofluorescence, or flow cytometry assays. Genotyping of HLA class I and II antigens is performed with a variety of sequence-specific primers, sequenced-specific oligonucleotide probe, and sequence-based typing assays. Neutrophil-specific antigens HNA-1a, -1b, -1c, -4a, and -5a can be genotyped, but not HNA-2a or -3a. Phenotyping of HNA-2a can be performed with CD177 monoclonal antibodies, but the gene encoding HNA-3a has not been identified, and the genomic basis for the HNA-2a-negative phenotype is not known. In conclusion, patients and donors involved with pulmonary transfusion reactions can be quickly typed for HLA antigens and tested for HLA antibodies, but testing for neutrophil antibodies and antigens requires the use of a reference laboratory.

中文翻译：

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白细胞抗原和抗体检测分析：评估和预防肺输血反应的工具。

中性粒细胞和 HLA 抗原的抗体可引起肺部输血反应，在某些情况下会引起急性肺损伤。在评估肺部输血反应病例时，通常需要检测供体的中性粒细胞和 HLA 抗体，并对接受者的中性粒细胞和 HLA 抗原进行分型。多种酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 和基于流式细胞术的固相测定可用于检测 HLA I 类和 II 类抗体，但不能检测中性粒细胞抗体。中性粒细胞抗体的筛选需要准备新鲜的中性粒细胞组并进行凝集、免疫荧光或流式细胞术检测。HLA I 类和 II 类抗原的基因分型使用各种序列特异性引物、测序特异性寡核苷酸探针和基于序列的分型分析进行。中性粒细胞特异性抗原 HNA-1a、-1b、-1c、-4a 和 -5a 可以进行基因分型，但不能对 HNA-2a 或 -3a 进行基因分型。HNA-2a 的表型分析可以用 CD177 单克隆抗体进行，但编码 HNA-3a 的基因尚未确定，HNA-2a 阴性表型的基因组基础尚不清楚。总之，涉及肺输血反应的患者和捐献者可以快速分型 HLA 抗原并检测 HLA 抗体，但检测中性粒细胞抗体和抗原需要使用参考实验室。