Recent advances defining the role of the commensal gut microbiota in the development, education, induction, function, and maintenance of the mammalian immune system inform our understanding of how immune responses govern the outcome of systemic virus infection. While characterization of the impact of the local oral, respiratory, dermal and genitourinary microbiota on host immune responses and systemic virus infection is in its infancy, the gut microbiota interacts with host immunity systemically and at distal non-gastrointestinal tract sites to modulate the pathogenesis of systemic viruses. Gut microbes, microbe-associated molecular patterns, and microbe-derived metabolites engage receptors expressed on the cell surface, in the endosome, or in the cytoplasm to orchestrate optimal innate and adaptive immune responses important for controlling systemic virus infection.

定义共生肠道菌群在哺乳动物免疫系统的发育，教育，诱导，功能和维持中的作用的最新进展，使我们对免疫反应如何控制系统性病毒感染的结果有了了解。表征口腔，呼吸，皮肤和泌尿生殖道微生物群对宿主免疫反应和全身性病毒感染的影响尚处于初期阶段，而肠道微生物群则与宿主免疫系统发生相互作用，并在远端非胃肠道部位发生相互作用，从而调节其发病机理。系统性病毒。肠内微生物，与微生物相关的分子模式和微生物衍生的代谢物与内体中细胞表面表达的受体结合，