Diabetes mellitus and pre‐diabetes are prevalent endocrine disorders associated with substantial morbidity and premature mortality. Vitamin K is known to have several beneficial effects on complications of diabetes and pre‐diabetes. However, systematic consolidation of evidence is required to quantify these effects in order to inform clinical practice and research. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases was undertaken from database inception up to October 2018 to evaluate functional roles of different forms of vitamin K on diabetes and pre‐diabetes. From 3,734 identified records, nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. Vitamin K supplementation was found to be associated with significant reductions in blood glucose (six studies), increased fasting serum insulin (four studies), reduced hemoglobin A1c (three studies), reduced homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR) (two studies), and increased ß‐cell function (two studies) in diabetic animal studies. Following 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test, vitamin K supplementation was observed to be effective in reducing blood glucose and insulin levels in the pre‐diabetic population. However, no evidence of effect was observed for fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA‐IR, and homeostatic model assessment‐β‐cell function index (two studies). A statistically significant effect was also noted with vitamin K in improving dyslipidemia (three studies) as well as oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (five studies) in diabetic animals. In conclusion, clinical trials and animal studies confirm that vitamin K supplementation may improve both clinical features and complications of diabetes and pre‐diabetes. However, quantification of clinical efficacy in the pre‐diabetic population and among individuals with comorbidities requires further investigation.

中文翻译：

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关于维生素K对糖尿病和糖尿病前期并发症的作用机理的系统综述。

糖尿病和糖尿病前期是普遍的内分泌疾病，与大量发病和过早死亡相关。已知维生素K对糖尿病和糖尿病前期的并发症有多种有益作用。但是，需要系统地整合证据以量化这些影响，以便为临床实践和研究提供信息。从数据库开始到2018年10月，对PubMed，Scopus，Embase，ProQuest和Google Scholar数据库进行了系统搜索，以评估不同形式的维生素K在糖尿病和糖尿病前期的功能作用。从3,734笔确定的记录中，有9篇符合纳入标准并进行了评估。发现补充维生素K与血糖显着降低有关（六项研究），空腹血清胰岛素增加（四项研究），在糖尿病动物研究中，血红蛋白A1c降低（三项研究），稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）降低（两项研究），ß细胞功能增强（两项研究）。经过2小时的口服葡萄糖耐量测试，观察到补充维生素K可有效降低糖尿病前期人群的血糖和胰岛素水平。但是，没有观察到空腹血糖，胰岛素，HOMA-IR和稳态模型评估-β-细胞功能指数有效果的证据（两项研究）。维生素K在改善糖尿病动物血脂异常（三项研究）以及氧化应激和炎性标志物（五项研究）方面也具有统计学意义。结论，临床试验和动物研究证实，补充维生素K可以改善糖尿病和糖尿病前期的临床特征和并发症。但是，对糖尿病前人群和合并症患者的临床疗效进行量化需要进一步的研究。