Cardiac fibroblasts and fibrosis contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure, a prevalent cause of mortality. Therefore, a majority of the existing information regarding cardiac fibroblasts is focused on their function and behavior after heart injury. Less is understood about the signaling and transcriptional networks required for the development and homeostatic roles of these cells. This review is devoted to describing our current understanding of cardiac fibroblast development. I detail cardiac fibroblast formation during embryogenesis including the discovery of a second embryonic origin for cardiac fibroblasts. Additional information is provided regarding the roles of the genes essential for cardiac fibroblast development. It should be noted that many questions remain regarding the cell-fate specification of these fibroblast progenitors, and it is hoped that this review will provide a basis for future studies regarding this topic.

中文翻译：

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心脏成纤维细胞的发育途径。

心脏成纤维细胞和纤维化导致心力衰竭的发病机制，心力衰竭是导致死亡的普遍原因。因此，大多数关于心脏成纤维细胞的现有信息都集中在心脏损伤后它们的功能和行为上。对于这些细胞的发育和稳态作用所需的信号和转录网络知之甚少。这篇综述致力于描述我们目前对心脏成纤维细胞发育的理解。我详细介绍了胚胎发生过程中心脏成纤维细胞的形成，包括发现心脏成纤维细胞的第二个胚胎起源。提供了有关心脏成纤维细胞发育所必需的基因的作用的其他信息。应该注意的是，关于这些成纤维细胞祖细胞的细胞命运规范仍然存在许多问题，