While sex differences in the peripheral immune response have been studied extensively, sex differences in the neuroimmune response, including glial activation and associated cytokine production in the brain, is a recently emerging field. Advances in our understanding of sex differences in the neuroimmune response have important implications for understanding how neural circuits are shaped during early brain development, how activation of the immune system may impact cognitive function and behavior, and how inflammation may be associated with the risk of mental health disorders that have strong sex-biases. The goal of this mini review is to highlight recent work in the field of sex differences in neuroimmune function, with a particular focus on how microglia function is influenced by age and sex hormone exposure.

虽然已广泛研究了外周免疫反应中的性别差异，但神经免疫中的性别差异包括神经胶质激活和相关的细胞因子在大脑中的反应，是一个新兴的领域。我们对神经免疫反应中性别差异的理解的进步，对于理解早期大脑发育过程中神经回路的形状，免疫系统的激活如何影响认知功能和行为以及炎症与精神疾病的风险之间的关系具有重要意义。具有强烈性别偏见的健康疾病。这篇小型综述的目的是突出神经免疫功能性别差异领域的最新研究，特别关注年龄和性激素暴露对小胶质细胞功能的影响。