There is increasing public concern about poultry welfare; the quality of animal welfare is closely related to the quality of livestock products and the health of consumers. Good animal welfare promotes the healthy growth of poultry, which can reduce the disease rate and improve the production quality and capacity. As behaviour responses are an important expression of welfare, the study of behaviour is a simple and non-invasive method to assess animal welfare. The use of modern technology offers the possibility to monitor the behaviour of broilers and laying hens in a continuous and automated way. This paper reviews the latest technologies used for monitoring the behaviour of broilers and laying hens under both experimental conditions and commercial applications and discusses the potential of developing a precision livestock farming (PLF) system. The techniques that are presented and discussed include sound analysis, which can be an online tool to automatically monitor poultry behaviour non-invasively at the group level; wireless, wearable sensors with radio-frequency identification devices, which can automatically identify individual chickens, track the location and movement of individuals in real time and quantify some behavioural traits accordingly and image processing technology, which can be considered a direct tool for measuring behaviours, especially activity behaviours and disease early warning. All of these technologies can monitor and analyse poultry behaviour, at the group level or individual level, on commercial farms. However, the popularity and adoption of these technologies has been hampered by the logistics of applying them to thousands and tens of thousands of birds on commercial farms. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques in commercial applications and presents evidence that they provide potential tools to automatically monitor the behaviours of broilers and laying hens on commercial farms. However, there still has a long way to go to develop a PLF system to detect and predict abnormal situations.

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评论：用于监控肉鸡和蛋鸡行为和福利的自动化技术：朝着精准畜牧业的目标迈进。

公众日益关注家禽福利；动物福利的质量与畜产品的质量和消费者的健康密切相关。良好的动物福利可以促进家禽的健康生长，从而可以降低疾病发病率，提高生产质量和生产能力。由于行为反应是福利的重要体现，因此行为研究是评估动物福利的一种简单且非侵入性的方法。现代技术的使用为以连续和自动化的方式监控肉鸡和蛋鸡的行为提供了可能性。本文回顾了在实验条件和商业应用下用于监测肉鸡和蛋鸡行为的最新技术，并讨论了发展精确畜牧业（PLF）系统的潜力。提出和讨论的技术包括声音分析，声音分析可以是一种在线工具，可以自动在小组级别无创地监视家禽行为；具有射频识别设备的无线可穿戴传感器，可以自动识别个体鸡，实时跟踪个体的位置和运动，并相应地量化一些行为特征，图像处理技术可以被视为衡量行为的直接工具，特别是活动行为和疾病预警。所有这些技术都可以在小组级别或个人级别上监视和分析商业农场的家禽行为。然而，将这些技术应用于商业农场中成千上万只家禽的后勤工作阻碍了这些技术的普及和采用。这篇综述讨论了这些技术在商业应用中的优缺点，并提供了证据表明它们提供了潜在的工具来自动监控商业农场中的肉鸡和蛋鸡的行为。但是，开发PLF系统以检测和预测异常情况还有很长的路要走。