Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), an enveloped DNA virus, plays a key role in varieties of diseases including recurrent cold sores, keratoconjunctivitis, genital herpes and encephalitis in humans. Great efforts have been made in developing more effective and less side-effects anti-herpes simplex virus agents, including traditional Chinese herbal medicines. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of Rheum tanguticum nanoparticles against HSV-1 in vitro and in vivo. R. tanguticum nanoparticles could inactivate the HSV-1 virions and block the viral attachment and entry into cells. Time-of-addition assay indicated that R. tanguticum nanoparticles could interfere with the entire phase of viral replication. Besides, R. tanguticum nanoparticles showed the ability to inhibit the mRNA expression of HSV-1 immediate early gene ICP4 and early gene ICP8 as well as the expression of viral protein ICP4 and ICP8. Moreover, R. tanguticum nanoparticles have been proved to protect mice against HSV-1 induced lethality by decreasing the viral load and alleviated pathological changes in brain tissues. In conclusion, we demonstrated that R. tanguticum nanoparticles could inhibit HSV-1 infection through multiple mechanisms. These results suggest that R. tanguticum nanoparticles may have novel roles in the treatment of HSV-1 infection.

中文翻译：

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唐古特菌纳米颗粒对I型单纯疱疹病毒的体内和体外抗病毒特性。

单纯性疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）是一种包膜DNA病毒，在人类反复发作的唇疱疹，角膜结膜炎，生殖器疱疹和脑炎等多种疾病中起关键作用。在开发包括中草药在内的更有效，副作用更少的抗单纯疱疹病毒制剂方面已经做出了巨大的努力。在本研究中，我们在体外和体内评估了唐古特大黄的纳米颗粒对HSV-1的抗病毒效力。tanguticum R. tanguticum纳米粒子可以使HSV-1病毒粒子失活，并阻止病毒附着和进入细胞。添加时间分析表明，唐古斯丁酸纳米颗粒可能会干扰病毒复制的整个阶段。此外，R。tanguticum纳米颗粒显示出抑制HSV-1的早期早期基因ICP4和早期基因ICP8的mRNA表达以及抑制病毒蛋白ICP4和ICP8的表达的能力。此外，已证明唐古斯丁酸纳米颗粒通过降低病毒载量和减轻脑组织的病理变化来保护小鼠免受HSV-1诱导的致死性。总之，我们证明了唐古特酵母纳米颗粒可以通过多种机制抑制HSV-1感染。这些结果表明，唐古特酵母纳米颗粒可能在HSV-1感染的治疗中具有新的作用。业已证明，唐古特纳米粒可通过降低病毒载量和减轻脑组织的病理变化来保护小鼠免受HSV-1诱导的致死性。总之，我们证明了唐古特酵母纳米颗粒可以通过多种机制抑制HSV-1感染。这些结果表明，唐古特丁酸纳米颗粒可能在HSV-1感染的治疗中具有新的作用。业已证明，唐古特纳米粒可通过降低病毒载量和减轻脑组织的病理变化来保护小鼠免受HSV-1诱导的致死性。总之，我们证明了唐古特酵母纳米颗粒可以通过多种机制抑制HSV-1感染。这些结果表明，唐古特酵母纳米颗粒可能在HSV-1感染的治疗中具有新的作用。