There is a preponderance of evidence, much of it from Northern Europe, suggesting a link between urban residence and risk for psychotic disorders. Since the meanings and correlates of urban living differ across contexts, this association may not be universal. In a recent multisite study, the association was evident in Northern Europe, but not in other high-income European countries (e.g. Spain, Italy). Psychotic experiences (PEs) are subclinical manifestations of psychosis (typically mild and transient) that occur in the general population, and have been associated with increased risk for common mental disorders and substance use, as well as for psychotic disorders, which are less common.

中文翻译：

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美国的城市出生和精神病经历

有大量证据，其中大部分来自北欧，表明城市居住与精神病风险之间存在联系。由于城市生活的含义和相关性因环境而异，因此这种关联可能并不普遍。在最近的一项多地点研究中，这种关联在北欧很明显，但在其他高收入欧洲国家（例如西班牙、意大利）中则不然。精神病经历 (PE) 是一般人群中发生的精神病（通常是轻微和短暂的）的亚临床表现，并且与常见精神障碍和物质使用以及不太常见的精神病的风险增加有关。