BackgroundPolyomavirus hominis1, also called BK virus (BKV) is a well-known etiological agent of renal transplant nephropathy and cystitis. Recently, it got great attention from the researcher as a principal predisposing factor for different kinds of cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, this study aims to determine the correlation between BKV infection and PCa through a descriptive case-control based study.MethodsA total of 55 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients with PCa and another 55 tissue blocks from BPH patients were obtained. In parallel, respective urine samples were collected from all the cases and controls. The existence of BKV large T antigen (LTAg) was analyzed by Direct Immunofluorescence assay. Only BKV LTAg positive specimens were further analyzed for the presence of viral DNA by using a conventional PCR then subjected to viral load quantitation by using Q-PCR.ResultBKV LTAg was identified in 30% (17/55) of cases tissue specimens and only in 7% (4/55) of the controls tissue specimens with P-value 0.002 and Odd ratio 5.7. The conventional PCR detects the BKV DNA in 16 out of 17 cases specimens while only two out of four controls specimens were identified with a viral DNA. The mean of the BKV DNA load was higher significantly among cases 6733 ± 6745 copies/ml when compared to controls 509.0 ± 792.9 copies/m with a p-value of 0.002.ConclusionMore BKV prevalence with high viral load was observed in PCa patients tissue compared to BPH specimens. PCa Gleason scores 9 and 7 were the most cancer grades identified with the presence of BKV DNA. Our findings are thus consistent with a significant link between the BKV infection and the PCa risk. Prostate or seminal fluids should be selected as principal specimens for future studies and can, therefore, be designated as screening samples to find early virus evidence in the prostate tissue. Detection of early virus evidence may help to reduce the risk of PCa cancer due to BKV.

中文翻译：

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苏丹患者BK多瘤病毒感染与前列腺癌的相关性研究——免疫荧光和基于分子的病例对照研究

背景人型多瘤病毒（Polyomavirus hominis1），也称为BK病毒（BKV），是众所周知的肾移植肾病和膀胱炎病原。最近，它作为包括前列腺癌（PCa）在内的多种癌症的主要诱发因素受到了研究人员的极大关注。因此，本研究旨在通过描述性病例对照研究确定BKV感染与PCa之间的相关性。方法共获得55个PCa患者石蜡包埋组织块和55个BPH患者组织块。同时，从所有病例和对照中收集各自的尿样。通过直接免疫荧光法分析BKV大T抗原（LTAg）的存在。只有 BKV LTAg 阳性标本通过使用常规 PCR 进一步分析病毒 DNA 的存在，然后通过使用 Q-PCR 进行病毒载量定量。结果在 30% (17/55) 的病例组织标本中鉴定出 BKV LTAg，并且仅在7% (4/55) 的对照组织标本具有 P 值 0.002 和奇数比 5.7。常规 PCR 在 17 个病例标本中的 16 个中检测到 BKV DNA，而在 4 个对照标本中只有 2 个被鉴定为病毒 DNA。与对照组 509.0 ± 792.9 拷贝/m 相比，BKV DNA 载量的平均值显着更高，为 6733 ± 6745 拷贝/毫升，p 值为 0.002。 BPH 标本。PCa Gleason 评分 9 和 7 是存在 BKV DNA 的癌症等级最高。因此，我们的研究结果与 BKV 感染和 PCa 风险之间的重要联系一致。应选择前列腺或精液作为未来研究的主要样本，因此可以指定为筛查样本，以发现前列腺组织中的早期病毒证据。早期病毒证据的检测可能有助于降低 BKV 引起的 PCa 癌风险。