Interspecific interactions are complex in agro-ecosystems and could be affected by agricultural technologies including transgenic crop planting. Few studies focused on the effects of Bt crops on the interspecific interactions of non-target organisms. Here we assessed the effects of transgenic cry2A rice (Cry2A rice) on the interspecific interaction between two rice planthoppers, namely, Nilaparvata lugens (the brown planthopper, BPH) and Sogatella furcifera (the white-backed planthopper, WBPH). Cry2A rice showed no significant effects on most biological parameters of these two rice planthoppers, except for wet weight of BPH female adults and development duration of WBPH female nymphs. In contrast, interspecific interactions between BPH and WBPH showed significant impacts on their biological parameters, no matter on Cry2A rice or non-transgenic control. In two-factor analysis combing rice line and interspecific interaction together, the interaction between these two factors did not affect most biological parameters of neither planthopper species, except for development duration of BPH female nymphs and WBPH nymphs (both male and female). Additionally, the egg distributions of BPH and WBPH had no significant differences between Cry2A and non-Cry2A treatments. Results of field experiments showed that Cry2A rice did not affect their population densities at most sampling dates in a five-year survey, and the interaction between BPH and WBPH showed no significant differences in both Cry2A and non-Cry2A rice paddies. In conclusion, our tested Cry2A rice would not affect the interspecific interactions between BPH and WBPH based both laboratory and field results.

中文翻译：

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Cry2A水稻不影响两个稻飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和Sogatella furcifera之间的种间相互作用。

种间相互作用在农业生态系统中很复杂，可能会受到包括转基因作物种植在内的农业技术的影响。很少有研究关注Bt作物对非目标生物种间相互作用的影响。在这里，我们评估了转基因cry2A水稻（Cry2A水稻）对两种稻飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens（褐飞虱，BPH）和Sogatella furcifera（白背飞虱，WBPH））之间种间相互作用的影响。Cry2A水稻对这两种稻飞虱的大多数生物学参数没有显着影响，除了BPH雌性成虫的湿重和WBPH雌性若虫的发育持续时间。相比之下，BPH和WBPH之间的种间相互作用对它们的生物学参数显示出显着影响，无论在Cry2A水稻上还是非转基因对照上。在将稻系和种间相互作用结合在一起的两因素分析中，这两个因素之间的相互作用不影响两个飞虱物种的大多数生物学参数，除了BPH女仙女和WBPH若虫（雄性和雌性）的发育持续时间。此外，Bry和WBPH的卵分布在Cry2A和非Cry2A处理之间没有显着差异。田间试验的结果表明，在为期五年的调查中，Cry2A水稻在大多数采样日期均不影响其种群密度，BPH和WBPH之间的相互作用在Cry2A和非Cry2A水稻中均无显着差异。结论，