Significant attention has been drawn to the adventitious and technically unavoidable presence of genetically modified (GM) organisms in the food and feed imported into the European Union (EU), while the potential presence of GM seeds in material for cultivation is less studied. Here we report a study from an EU member state, Latvia, during years 2017-2018 regarding monitoring for the presence of GM seeds in certified seed and animal feed material. Eighty-two and 28 samples of seeds intended for cultivation were analyzed in 2017 and 2018, respectively. One soybean sample contained MON40-3-2 soybean seeds (0.09 ± 0.01%) and one maize sample contained MON810 maize seeds (0.08 ± 0.01%). In addition, 102 samples of feed imported from outside of the EU or produced locally were also analyzed for the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and viability of grains. One oilseed rape cake sample contained GT73 (1.04 ± 0.01%) and one soybean cake sample contained MON40-3-2 (<0.045%). One sample of declared MON40-3-2 GM soybean cake was confirmed to be positive, with MON40-3-2 content of 94.78 ± 10.01%. One soybean sample submitted by feed producer and originating from Argentina contained 54.9 ± 1.1% of MON40-3-2 and one rapeseed sample originating from Ukraine contained 5.30 ± 3.95% of GT73. Although only two seed samples contained low levels of GMOs authorized in the EU for food and feed uses, this study reinforced the need to maintain regular monitoring programs that assist farmers in their efforts to comply with the current EU GMO legislation.

中文翻译：

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通过进口种子和动物饲料在欧洲意外进入转基因植物繁殖材料的潜在风险评估-拉脱维亚的经验。

进入欧洲联盟（EU）的食品和饲料中，转基因（GM）生物的偶然性和技术上不可避免的存在已引起人们的极大关注，而转基因种子在栽培材料中的潜在存在则鲜有研究。在这里，我们报告了欧盟成员国拉脱维亚在2017-2018年间进行的一项有关监测认证的种子和动物饲料中是否存在转基因种子的研究。2017年和2018年分别分析了打算种植的82个种子样品和28个样品。一个大豆样品包含MON40-3-2大豆种子（0.09±0.01％），一个玉米样品包含MON810玉米种子（0.08±0.01％）。此外，还分析了从欧盟以外进口或本地生产的102份饲料样品中转基因生物（GMO）的存在和谷物的生存能力。1个油菜籽饼样品包含GT73（1.04±0.01％），而1个豆饼饼样品包含MON40-3-2（<0.045％）。一份申报的MON40-3-2 GM大豆饼样品被确认为阳性，MON40-3-2含量为94.78±10.01％。饲料生产商提交的一份来自阿根廷的大豆样品包含54.9±1.1％的MON40-3-2，另一份来自乌克兰的油菜籽样品包含5.30±3.95％的GT73。尽管只有两个种子样品含有欧盟授权用于食品和饲料的低水平的转基因生物，