Ecosystem service assessments rarely consider flows between distant regions. Hence, telecoupling effects such as conservation burdens in distant ecosystems are ignored. We identified service-providing species for two cultural ecosystem services (existence and bequest, and birdwatching) and two receiving, i.e. benefitting, regions (Germany, the Netherlands). We delineated and analysed sending, i.e. service-providing, regions on a global scale. The proportion of service-providing species with distant habitats was higher for birdwatching (Germany: 58.6%, Netherlands: 59.4%), than for existence and bequest (Germany: 49.3%, Netherlands: 57.1%). Hotspots of sending regions were predominantly situated in tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands and were significantly more threatened and poorer than the global mean. Hotspot protection levels for flows to Germany were higher than the global mean, and lower for the Dutch hotspots. Our findings increase understanding on how distant regions underpin ecosystem services and necessitate interregional assessment as well as conservation efforts.

中文翻译：

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遥远的地区是鸟类和哺乳动物提供的文化生态系统服务的区域间流动的基础。

生态系统服务评估很少考虑遥远地区之间的流量。因此，遥远的耦合效应，例如遥远的生态系统中的保护负担，被忽略了。我们为两种文化生态系统服务（生存和遗赠以及观鸟）和两个接收（即受益）区域（德国，荷兰）确定了提供服务的物种。我们划定并分析了全球范围内的发送（即提供服务）区域。观鸟（德国：58.6％，荷兰：59.4％）高于生存和遗赠（德国：49.3％，荷兰：57.1％），具有较远栖息地的服务物种的比例更高。发送地区的热点主要位于热带和亚热带草原，热带稀树草原和灌木丛中，比全球平均水平受到的威胁更大，贫困程度也更大。流入德国的热点保护水平高于全球平均值，而低于荷兰的热点。我们的发现使人们更加了解遥远地区如何为生态系统服务提供支撑，并需要进行地区间评估和保护工作。