DNA in higher eukaryotes is packaged with histone proteins to form nucleosomes which are further assembled into higher-order chromatin fibres to protect and regulate access to the genetic information. Chromatin folding above the nucleosomal level is controversial with differing views proposing unfolded irregular structures through to highly organised chromatin fibres. Using a combination of techniques including sedimentation studies, electron microscopy and superresolution imaging views are converging to indicate that local chromatin is organised into a fibre, peppered with numerous discontinuities and points of flexibility. Reconciliation of different views suggests that in vitro and in vivo data are generally consistent but questions remain on how chromatin packaging is altered by cellular processes such as transcription, enzymatic chromatin remodelling and elusive DNA supercoiling.

中文翻译：

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局部染色质结构的生物物理调节。

将高级真核生物中的DNA与组蛋白包装在一起，形成核小体，然后将其进一步组装成高级染色质纤维，以保护和调节对遗传信息的访问。染色质折叠到核小体水平以上是有争议的，不同的观点提出了展开的不规则结构，直至高度组织化的染色质纤维。通过结合使用包括沉降研究在内的多种技术，电子显微镜和超分辨率成像视图逐渐融合，表明局部染色质组织成纤维，并具有许多不连续点和柔韧性点。对不同观点的调和表明，体外和体内数据通常是一致的，但仍存在关于染色质包装如何通过细胞过程（例如转录，