Secretory granules of chromaffin cells from the adrenal medulla store catecholamines and a variety of peptides that are secreted in the extracellular medium during exocytosis. Among these fragments, several natural peptides displaying antimicrobial activities at the micromolar range have been isolated and characterized. We have shown that these peptides, derived from the natural processing of chromogranins (CGs), proenkephalin-A (PEA) and free ubiquitin (Ub), are released into the circulation and display antibacterial and antifungal activities. In this review we focus on three naturally secreted antimicrobial peptides corresponding to CGA1-76 (vasostatin-I), the bisphosphorylated form of PEA209-237 (enkelytin) and Ub. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of the synthetic active domains of vasostatin-I (CGA47-66 or chromofungin) and Ub (Ub65-76 or ubifungin) are reported.

中文翻译：

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先天免疫：新神经肽的参与。

肾上腺髓质的嗜铬细胞的分泌颗粒储存儿茶酚胺和各种在胞吐过程中分泌到细胞外培养基中的肽。在这些片段中，已经分离并鉴定了在微摩尔范围内显示抗微生物活性的几种天然肽。我们已经证明，这些肽是从嗜铬粒蛋白（CGs），前脑啡肽A（PEA）和游离泛素（Ub）的天然加工衍生而来的，并释放到循环系统中，并表现出抗菌和抗真菌活性。在这篇综述中，我们着眼于三种天然分泌的抗菌肽，分别对应于CGA1-76（vasostatin-I），PEA209-237（enkelytin）和Ub的双磷酸化形式。此外，