Cash transfer (CT) policy is promoted as an important financial vehicle to address household poverty and bring positive societal development. This study investigates the impact of an unconditional CT policy on children's education outcomes focusing on both the primary and secondary phases of education. We also examine the spillover effect of CT policy on parents' employment. To identify these effects we focus on South Africa and exploit the changes in age eligibility requirements of the CT policy to build credible control and treatment groups based on birth cohort. Our results show that CT policy improves reading and writing abilities at both the primary (by 3.7% and 3.3% respectively) and secondary education levels (by 10.2% and 10.1%, respectively) but it fosters school attendance only in secondary education. We also provide evidence that, for primary education students, the effects are only significant for boys. Notably, the positive effects of CT programs are also confirmed by the presence of spillover effects to other members of the family in our observance of increases in both mothers' and fathers' employment outcomes (by 35% and 34%, respectively). Therefore, in this paper we provide robust evidence that unconditional CT policy supports resilient development of the country's population in several dimensions that go beyond the educational achievement of targeted children.

中文翻译：

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无条件现金转移的长期教育和溢出效应：来自南非的证据。

提倡现金转移（CT）政策作为解决家庭贫困和带来积极社会发展的重要金融工具。这项研究调查了无条件的CT政策对儿童教育成果的影响，重点放在小学和中学教育阶段。我们还研究了反补贴政策对父母就业的溢出效应。为了确定这些影响，我们将重点放在南非并利用CT政策的年龄资格要求的变化来建立基于出生队列的可靠控制和治疗人群。我们的结果表明，计算机断层扫描政策可以提高小学（分别为3.7％和3.3％）和中学（分别为10.2％和10.1％）的读写能力，但仅在中学教育中可以提高入学率。我们还提供证据表明，对于小学教育学生来说，这种影响仅对男孩有意义。值得注意的是，在我们观察母亲和父亲的就业成果增加（分别增加35％和34％）时，对其他家庭成员的溢出效应也证实了CT计划的积极作用。因此，在本文中，我们提供了有力的证据，表明无条件的家庭暴力政策在几个方面都可以支持该国人口的弹性发展，这超出了目标儿童的教育成就。和父亲的就业成果（分别增长35％和34％）。因此，在本文中，我们提供了有力的证据，表明无条件的CT政策可以在多个方面超越该国针对儿童的教育成就，从而支持该国人口的弹性发展。和父亲的就业成果（分别增长35％和34％）。因此，在本文中，我们提供了有力的证据，表明无条件的CT政策可以在多个方面超越该国针对儿童的教育成就，从而支持该国人口的弹性发展。