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Immunohistochemical analysis of human orbital tissue in Graves' orbitopathy.
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01116-4
Y P Hai 1 , A C H Lee 1 , L Frommer 1 , T Diana 1 , G J Kahaly 1
Affiliation  

PURPOSE Immunohistochemistry of orbital tissues offers a correlation between the microscopic changes and macroscopic clinical manifestation of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Summarizing the participation of different molecules will help us to understand the pathogenesis of GO. METHODS The pertinent and current literature on immunohistochemistry of human orbital tissue in GO was reviewed using the NCBI PubMed database. RESULTS 33 articles comprising over 700 orbital tissue samples were included in this review. The earliest findings included the demonstration of HLA-DR and T cell (to a lesser extent B cell) markers in GO orbital tissues. Subsequent investigators further contributed by characterizing cellular infiltration, confirming the presence of HLA-DR and TSHR, as well as revealing the participation of cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules and miscellaneous substances. HLA-DR and TSHR are over-expressed in orbital tissues of GO patients. The inflammatory infiltration mainly comprises CD4 + T cells and macrophages. Cytokine profile suggests the importance of Th1 (especially in early active phase) and Th17 immunity in the pathogenesis of GO. Upregulation of proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines, adhesion molecules and growth factors finally culminate in activation of orbital fibroblasts and perpetuation of orbital inflammation. The molecular status of selected parameters correlates with the clinical presentation of GO. CONCLUSION Further investigation is warranted to define precisely the role of different molecules and ongoing search for new players yet to be discovered is also important. Unfolding the molecular mechanisms behind GO will hopefully provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies and optimize our clinical management of the disease.

中文翻译:

Graves眼眶病中人眼眶组织的免疫组织化学分析。

目的眼眶组织的免疫组织化学提供了Graves眼眶病(GO)的微观变化与宏观临床表现之间的相关性。总结不同分子的参与将有助于我们了解GO的发病机理。方法使用NCBI PubMed数据库回顾了有关GO中人眼眶组织免疫组织化学的相关文献和最新文献。结果本评价包括33篇文章,包括700多个眼眶组织样本。最早的发现包括在GO眶组织中显示HLA-DR和T细胞(程度较轻的B细胞)标记。随后的研究人员通过表征细胞浸润,确认HLA-DR和TSHR的存在以及揭示细胞因子,生长因子,粘附分子和杂物。HLA-DR和TSHR在GO患者的眼眶组织中过度表达。炎性浸润主要包括CD4 + T细胞和巨噬细胞。细胞因子谱表明在GO的发病机理中Th1(特别是在早期活动期)和Th17免疫力的重要性。促炎/纤维化细胞因子,粘附分子和生长因子的上调最终最终导致眼眶成纤维细胞的活化和眼眶炎症的持续。所选参数的分子状态与GO的临床表现相关。结论有必要进行进一步的研究以准确定义不同分子的作用,并且持续寻找尚未发现的新分子也很重要。
更新日期:2020-01-21
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