Introduction: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis, but its effectiveness is limited and varies by age. New candidate vaccines are currently being investigated. In response to the declining incidence of TB, practices relating to BCG vaccination have changed in various countries in recent years. A valid cost-effectiveness study is therefore needed in order to assist decision-makers in the implementation of cost-effective strategies for BCG vaccination. Areas covered: Studies involving economic evaluations of BCG vaccination were reviewed in order to present current findings concerning a range of BCG vaccination strategies in a variety of regions, target populations, and vaccine types. The Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument was used to assess the quality of the studies included in the analysis. Expert opinion: Most of the studies showed a favorable economic profile of BCG vaccination. Selective strategies seem the most cost-effective option for low-incidence areas. Varying results on revaccination strategies did not lead to any conclusive finding on the cost-effectiveness of the strategies. A novel vaccine - either a BCG replacement or booster vaccine that provides better protection, especially in adults - has the potential to enhance the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating against tuberculosis.

中文翻译：

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当前疫苗接种策略和抗结核新疫苗的卫生经济评估：系统评价。

简介：卡介苗芽孢杆菌（BCG）是唯一获得许可的结核病疫苗，但其有效性有限，并且会随年龄而变化。目前正在研究新的候选疫苗。为了应对结核病发病率的下降，近年来，与卡介苗接种有关的做法已在许多国家发生了变化。因此，需要进行有效的成本效益研究，以帮助决策者实施BCG疫苗接种的成本效益策略。涵盖的领域：对涉及BCG疫苗接种经济评估的研究进行了综述，目的是提出有关在各个地区，目标人群和疫苗类型中一系列BCG疫苗接种策略的最新发现。卫生经济研究质量（QHES）仪器用于评估分析中包括的研究质量。专家意见：大多数研究表明，卡介苗接种的经济状况良好。对于低发病率地区，选择性策略似乎是最具成本效益的选择。关于疫苗接种策略的不同结果并未导致对策略成本效益的任何结论性发现。一种新颖的疫苗-可以提供更好保护的BCG替代疫苗或加强疫苗，尤其是在成年人中，具有提高针对结核病疫苗接种的成本效益的潜力。关于疫苗接种策略的不同结果并未导致对策略成本效益的任何结论性发现。一种新型疫苗-一种BCG替代疫苗或加强疫苗，可以提供更好的保护，尤其是在成年人中-具有提高针对肺结核疫苗接种的成本效益的潜力。关于疫苗接种策略的不同结果并未导致对策略成本效益的任何结论性发现。一种新颖的疫苗-可以提供更好保护的BCG替代疫苗或加强疫苗，尤其是在成年人中，具有提高针对结核病疫苗接种的成本效益的潜力。