Rape cases have a disproportionately high attrition rate and low conviction rate compared with other criminal offenses. Evaluations of a rape complainant's credibility often determine whether a case progresses through the criminal justice system. Even though emotional demeanor is not related to witness honesty or accuracy, distressed rape complainants are perceived to be more credible than complainants who present with controlled affect. To understand the extent and robustness of the influence of emotional demeanor on credibility judgments of female adult rape complainants, we conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and p-curve analysis of the experimental simulated decision-making literature on the influence of complainant emotional demeanor on complainant credibility. The meta-analysis included 20 studies with participants who were criminal justice professionals (e.g., police officers and judges), community members, and mock jurors (N = 3128). Results suggest that distressed demeanor significantly increased perceptions of complainant credibility, with a small to moderate effect size estimate. Importantly, the results of p-curve analysis suggest that reporting bias is not a likely explanation for the effect of emotional demeanor on rape complainant credibility. Sample type (whether perceivers were criminal justice professionals or prospective jurors) and stimulus modality (whether perceivers read about or watched the complainant recount the alleged rape) were not found to moderate the effect size estimate. These results suggest that effective methods of reducing reliance on emotional demeanor to make credibility judgments about rape complainants should be investigated to make credibility assessments fairer and more accurate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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对成年女性强奸申诉人的情感受害者影响的荟萃分析：申诉人的苦恼会影响信誉吗？

与其他刑事犯罪相比，强奸案的流失率高，定罪率低。对强奸申诉人信誉的评估通常确定案件是否通过刑事司法系统进行。尽管情绪上的举止与证人的诚实或准确性无关，但与受到控制的情感的投诉人相比，受苦的强奸投诉人被认为更可信。为了解情绪举止对成年女性强奸申诉人信誉判断的影响的程度和稳健性，我们对实验模拟决策文献对申诉人情绪影响的影响进行了系统的回顾，荟萃分析和p曲线分析在投诉人信誉方面举止得体。荟萃分析包括20项研究，参与者均为刑事司法专业人员（例如，警官和法官），社区成员和模拟陪审员（N = 3128）。结果表明，苦恼的举止显着增加了对投诉人信誉的认知，估计的影响范围较小。重要的是，p曲线分析的结果表明，报告偏见并不是情绪低落对强奸申诉人信誉影响的可能解释。样本类型（知觉者是刑事司法专业人员还是准陪审员）和刺激方式（知觉者是否了解或观看了申诉人重述所指控的强奸）均未发现影响效果估计。这些结果表明，应该研究减少对情感举止的依赖以做出关于强奸投诉人的信誉判断的有效方法，以使信誉评估更加公平和准确。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。