Minimal access approaches in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors of the stomach, large bowel, and genitourinary system are now being advocated in several surgical specialty areas. The laparoscope has evolved from a diagnostic tool to a modality that allows for removal of tumors using small incisions and the application of pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide. Through studies using animal models and patient investigation, the immunologic benefits of laparoscopic cancer procedures appear to be beneficial when compared with conventional laparotomy. Overall benefits of analgesic reduction, more rapid postoperative recovery, and patient satisfaction are the byproducts of minimal access approaches. Patients with cancers of the stomach, colon, and kidney show similar long‐term outcomes when compared with conventional open techniques. Caution, however, should be exercised in recommending laparoscopic approaches for routine management of primary tumors of the rectum and adrenal gland.

中文翻译：

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最小通路癌症管理

一些外科专业领域现在提倡在治疗胃、大肠和泌尿生殖系统的各种实体瘤时采用最小通路方法。腹腔镜已经从一种诊断工具演变为一种方式，允许使用小切口切除肿瘤并应用二氧化碳气腹。通过使用动物模型和患者调查的研究，与传统剖腹手术相比，腹腔镜癌症手术的免疫学益处似乎是有益的。减少镇痛剂的总体益处、更快的术后恢复和患者满意度是最小通路方法的副产品。与传统的开放技术相比，胃癌、结肠癌和肾癌患者的长期预后相似。警告，