ABSTRACT Electrical stimulation of the nervous system is a powerful tool for localizing and examining the function of numerous brain regions. Delivered to certain regions of the cerebral cortex, electrical stimulation can evoke a variety of first-order effects, including observable movements or an urge to move, or somatosensory, visual, or auditory percepts. In still other regions the subject may be oblivious to the stimulation. Often overlooked, however, is whether the subject is aware of the stimulation, and if so, how the stimulation is experienced by the subject. In this review of how electrical stimulation has been used to study selected aspects of sensorimotor and language function, we raise questions that future studies might address concerning the subjects’ second-order experiences of intention and agency regarding evoked movements, of the naturalness of evoked sensory percepts, and of other qualia that might be evoked in the absence of an overt first-order experience.

中文翻译：

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大脑的电刺激是如何经历的，我们如何判断？对感觉运动功能和语言的选择考虑

摘要 神经系统的电刺激是定位和检查众多大脑区域功能的有力工具。传递到大脑皮层的某些区域，电刺激可以唤起各种一级效应，包括可观察到的运动或运动的冲动，或躯体感觉、视觉或听觉感知。在其他区域中，受试者可能对刺激一无所知。然而，经常被忽视的是受试者是否意识到刺激，如果知道，受试者如何体验刺激。在这篇关于电刺激如何被用于研究感觉运动和语言功能的选定方面的综述中，我们提出了未来研究可能解决的关于受试者关于诱发运动的意图和机构的二阶体验的问题，