ABSTRACT Post-graphemic writing processes transform abstract letter representations into representations of writing movements. We describe an individual with an acquired post-graphemic writing deficit. NGN is normal in spelling words aloud, but impaired in writing words to dictation, with most errors involving letter substitutions (e.g., RUMOR written as BUMOR). NGN’s deficit affects graphic motor plans, which specify the writing strokes for producing letters. Analyses of writing speed, fluency, and stroke patterns suggest that NGN’s errors result from incomplete motor-plan activation. NGN’s error rate is high for the first letter in a word, and declines across subsequent positions. On the basis of this serial position effect and other results, we propose that post-graphemic writing mechanisms include a graphomotor buffer, a writing-specific working memory that holds activated graphic motor plans bound to specific serial positions. We suggest that NGN’s graphomotor buffer is damaged such that early serial positions are affected most severely. Finally, we present results speaking to the roles and capabilities of the graphomotor buffer, and the structure of graphic motor plans.

中文翻译：

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后文字书写过程的缺陷：文字运动缓冲区的证据

摘要 后字形书写过程将抽象字母表示转换为书写动作的表示。我们描述了一个具有后天文字书写缺陷的人。NGN 在大声拼写单词方面是正常的，但在听写单词时受损，大多数错误涉及字母替换（例如，RUMOR 写成 BUMOR）。NGN 的不足会影响图形运动计划，这些计划指定了用于生成字母的书写笔画。对书写速度、流畅度和笔画模式的分析表明，NGN 的错误是由不完整的运动计划激活引起的。NGN 的单词首字母错误率较高，随后的位置下降。在这种连续位置效应和其他结果的基础上，我们提出后字形写入机制包括一个graphomotor缓冲区，一种特定于写作的工作记忆，其中包含绑定到特定序列位置的激活图形运动计划。我们建议NGN 的graphomotor 缓冲区已损坏，因此早期连续位置受到的影响最为严重。最后，我们展示了有关图形运动缓冲区的作用和功能以及图形运动计划的结构的结果。