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Can cholesterol absorption be reduced by phytosterols and phytostanols via a cocrystallization mechanism?
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2004-01-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2003.08.007
Sergey M Mel'nikov 1 , Jack W M Seijen ten Hoorn , Benoit Bertrand
Affiliation  

The formation of mixed water-insoluble poorly absorbable crystals between cholesterol (CH) and phytosterols (PS) or phytostanols (PSS) in the intestinal lumen has been considered for a long time as a plausible mechanism of the PS/PSS-induced reduction of serum CH concentration. In this report, we demonstrated with the use of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques that mixed CH:beta-sitosterol (SI) crystals can be formed by recrystallization of corresponding mixtures from melts and also from mixed CH:SI solutions in triglyceride oil. Formation of mixed CH:SI crystals takes place in a wide interval of CH:SI ratios, from approximately 10 up to approximately 75 wt.% of SI in the mixture. Formation of mixed CH:sitostanol (SS) crystals from melts and solutions in triglyceride oil was also detected, but in a more narrow interval of CH:SS ratios. However, during the lipolysis of model dietary emulsions under in vitro conditions, the formation of crystalline material was not detected due to the relatively high solubility of free sterols/stanols in products of fat hydrolysis. We found that the solubility of free CH, SI, and SS raises upon the increase in the solvent polarity, i.e. free fatty acid > diglycerideoil > triglyceride oil. Therefore, we believe that the cocrystallization mechanism of phytosterol-induced serum CH lowering has relatively low importance, unless the diet is specially designed to include relatively little amounts of dietary fats. The presented experimental evidence demonstrates that it is unlikely that the formation of poorly absorbable mixed crystals largely affects the intestinal absorption of CH and, therefore, that this is a prime mechanism by which PS and PSS effect CH absorption.

中文翻译:

植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇可以通过共结晶机制降低胆固醇的吸收吗?

长期以来,人们一直认为肠腔中胆固醇(CH)与植物甾醇(PS)或植物甾烷醇(PSS)之间形成混合的不溶于水的难吸收性晶体,这是PS / PSS诱导的血清减少的可能机制CH浓度。在本报告中,我们证明了使用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)技术可以通过从熔体和熔体中重结晶相应的混合物来形成混合的CH:β-谷甾醇(SI)晶体。也来自甘油三酸酯油中的CH:SI混合溶液。混合的CH:SI晶体的形成以CH:SI的宽比例间隔进行,从混合物中SI的大约10%到大约75 wt。%。还检测到由熔融物和甘油三酸酯油溶液形成的混合CH:谷甾烷醇(SS)晶体,但在CH:SS比值的间隔更窄时。然而,在体外条件下膳食膳食乳剂的脂解过程中,由于游离甾醇/甾烷醇在脂肪水解产物中的相对较高的溶解度,未检测到结晶物质的形成。我们发现,游离CH,SI和SS的溶解度随溶剂极性的增加而增加,即游离脂肪酸>甘油二酸酯油>甘油三酸酯油。因此,我们认为,除非饮食经过特别设计以包括相对少量的饮食脂肪,否则植物甾醇引起的血清CH降低的共结晶机制的重要性相对较低。提出的实验证据表明,吸收性差的混合晶体的形成不太可能在很大程度上影响CH的肠吸收,因此,
更新日期:2019-11-01
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