Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in warm and humid regions is limited by grain mold disease, which can be caused by a complex of >40 pathogenic and opportunistic fungi. The identification of resistant plants within temperate‐adapted germplasm is imperative for the development of better‐adapted varieties. The performance of 331 accessions from the previously genotyped sorghum association panel (SAP) was evaluated in four tropical environments. Only 18 accessions showed low seed deterioration and high emergence rates. The resistant accessions showed high variation in seed tannin contents and panicle shape, indicating that grain mold resistance is not associated with a single phenotypic trait. Seed mycoflora analysis recovered pathogenic fungi Curvularia lunata, Fusarium thapsinum, and F. semitectum in both resistant and susceptible accessions. By genome‐wide association scans using 268,289 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we identified two loci associated with low seed deterioration and another associated with emergence rate. Candidate genes within these loci included one R gene (Sobic.08G132000) and two genes (Sobic.01G349300 and Sobic.10G222400) with domains associated with systemic acquired resistance, suggesting that resistance involved pathogen recognition and downstream signaling cascades. This study provides insight into the genetic control of grain mold resistance as well as valuable accessions for breeding programs in temperate environments.

中文翻译：

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美国高粱协会专家组的谷物抗霉菌性的全基因组关联图。

高粱和高湿地区的高粱[ Sorghum bicolor（L.）Moench]产量受到谷物霉菌病的限制，这可能是由> 40种致病性和机会性真菌引起的。在温带适应性种质中鉴定抗性植物对于开发适应性更好的品种至关重要。在四个热带环境中评估了来自先前基因分型的高粱协会专家组（SAP）331份材料的性能。只有18个种质表现出较低的种子退化和较高的出苗率。抗性种质在籽粒中单宁含量和穗形的变化很大，表明籽粒抗霉性与单一表型性状无关。种子分枝杆菌分析回收致病真菌弯孢菌，镰刀thapsinum，和F.半裸在两个抗性和易感种质。通过使用268,289个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行全基因组关联扫描，我们确定了两个与种子低度退化相关的基因座和另一个与出苗率相关的基因座。这些基因座中的候选基因包括一个R基因（Sobic.08G132000）和两个基因（Sobic.01G349300和Sobic.10G222400）与系统获得性抗药性相关的域，表明抗药性涉及病原体识别和下游信号传导级联。这项研究提供了对谷物抗霉菌性的遗传控制以及在温带环境中育种计划的有价值材料的见解。