Abstract

Simple tests using sniff analysis that have the ability of diagnosing and rapidly distinguishing between infections due to different bacteria are urgently required by medical community worldwide. Professionals interested in this topic wish for these tests to be simultaneously cheap, fast, easily applicable, non-invasive, robust, reliable, and sensitive. Current analytical instrumentation has already the ability for performing real time (minutes or a few dozens of minutes) analysis of volatile bacterial biomarkers (the VOCs emitted by bacteria). Although many articles are available, a review displaying an objective evaluation of the current status in the field is still needed. This review tries to present an overview regarding the bacterial biomarkers released from in vitro cultivation of various bacterial strains and also from different biological matrices investigated, over the last 10 years. We have described results of relevant studies, which used modern analytical techniques to evaluate specific biomarker profiles associated with bacterial infections. Our purpose was to present a comprehensive view of available possibilities for detection of emitted bacterial VOCs from different matrices. We intend that this review to be of general interest for both medical doctors and for all researchers preoccupied with bacterial infectious diseases and their rapid diagnosis using analytical instrumentation.

摘要

全世界的医学界都迫切需要使用嗅探分析进行简单的测试，这些测试能够诊断和快速区分由不同细菌引起的感染。对这个主题感兴趣的专业人士希望这些测试能够便宜，快速，易于应用，无创，可靠，可靠和敏感。当前的分析仪器已经具有对挥发性细菌生物标志物（细菌释放的VOC）进行实时（几分钟或几十分钟）分析的能力。尽管有许多文章可用，但仍需要进行审查以显示对该领域当前状态的客观评估。这篇综述试图对从体外释放的细菌生物标志物进行概述。在过去的10年中，对各种细菌菌株以及不同生物基质的培养进行了研究。我们已经描述了相关研究的结果，该研究使用了现代分析技术来评估与细菌感染相关的特定生物标志物谱。我们的目的是提供检测从不同基质释放的细菌VOC的可用可能性的全面视图。我们希望这项综述对于医学博士和所有研究细菌感染性疾病并使用分析仪器进行快速诊断的研究人员都具有普遍意义。