Direct exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes progressive damages in retinal cells, which is one of the hypothetical mechanisms underlying age-related retinopathy or macular degeneration. The protective effects of Apocynin against UV damages were firstly tested in retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPEs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Subsequently the beneficial effect of Apocynin on mouse retinas against light damage were examined. Next, microarray profiling was used to identify the genes regulated by Apocynin in both RPEs and RGCs. A candidate gene was isolated for functional characterisation by knock-down study. Apocynin was shown to inhibit cell death, reduce oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid damages in both RPEs and RGCs challenged with UV. Intravitreal application of Apocynin also improved retinal dysfunction caused by light damage. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was identified as induced by Apocynin by microarray study. The induction was confirmed by realtime-PCR and western blotting. Knocking down SIRT1 antagonised the protective effect of Apocynin against UV damages in both RPEs and RGCs. Apocynin is a novel agent that shows both in vitro and in vivo efficacies against UV radiation induced retina damages. SIRT1 pathway is implicated in UV radiation protection of Apocynin in retinal cells.

中文翻译：

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Apocynin 通过诱导 Sirtuin 1 保护视网膜细胞免受紫外线辐射损伤。

直接暴露于紫外线 (UV) 辐射会导致视网膜细胞进行性损伤，这是与年龄相关的视网膜病变或黄斑变性的潜在机制之一。首先在视网膜色素上皮细胞 (RPE) 和视网膜神经节细胞 (RGC) 中测试了夹竹桃素对紫外线损伤的保护作用。随后检查了夹竹桃素对小鼠视网膜抵抗光损伤的有益作用。接下来，使用微阵列分析来鉴定 RPE 和 RGC 中由夹竹桃素调节的基因。通过敲低研究分离候选基因用于功能表征。Apocynin 被证明可以抑制细胞死亡，减少 RPE 和 RGC 受到紫外线攻击的氧化应激和脱氧核糖核酸损伤。Apocynin 的玻璃体内应用也改善了由光损伤引起的视网膜功能障碍。通过微阵列研究确定 Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) 是由夹竹桃素诱导的。通过实时PCR和蛋白质印迹证实了诱导。在 RPE 和 RGC 中，敲低 SIRT1 会拮抗 Apocynin 对紫外线损伤的保护作用。Apocynin 是一种新型药物，在体外和体内均显示出对抗紫外线辐射诱导的视网膜损伤的功效。SIRT1 通路与视网膜细胞中 Apocynin 的紫外线辐射保护有关。Apocynin 是一种新型药物，在体外和体内均显示出对抗紫外线辐射诱导的视网膜损伤的功效。SIRT1 通路与视网膜细胞中 Apocynin 的紫外线辐射保护有关。Apocynin 是一种新型药物，在体外和体内均显示出对抗紫外线辐射诱导的视网膜损伤的功效。SIRT1 通路与视网膜细胞中 Apocynin 的紫外线辐射保护有关。