Contemporary research suggests that transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) adults encounter formidable barriers to health care, including access to quality therapeutic interventions. This systematic review is one of the first to specifically explore obstacles to TGNC mental health care. A rigorous literature review identified eight relevant studies: six qualitative designs and two quantitative designs. Thematic synthesis revealed three major barriers to care and five corresponding subthemes: (1) personal concerns, involving fear of being pathologized or stereotyped and an objection to common therapeutic practices; (2) incompetent mental health professionals, including those who are unknowledgeable, unnuanced, and unsupportive; and (3) affordability factors. Results indicate an acute need for practitioner training to ensure the psychological well-being of TGNC clients.

中文翻译：

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跨性别者和不符合性别要求的成年人的心理保健障碍：系统文献综述。

当代研究表明，跨性别和性别不符合（TGNC）的成年人在医疗保健方面遇到了巨大的障碍，包括获得优质治疗干预措施的机会。该系统评价是第一个专门探讨TGNC精神保健障碍的机构之一。严格的文献综述确定了八项相关研究：六项定性设计和两项定量设计。主题综合揭示了护理的三个主要障碍和五个相应的子主题：（1）个人关注，包括担心被病理或刻板印象以及对常见治疗方法的反对；（2）不称职的精神卫生专业人员，包括那些不懂事，没有细微差别和无助的人；（3）负担能力因素。