Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important infectious agent affecting herd productivity and reproduction, and leading to massive economic losses. As such, BVD is the subject of a number of control and eradication schemes globally. The key elements of such schemes are: diagnosis and removal of persistently infected animals from herds; implementation of biosecurity practices aimed at preventing the introduction or re-introduction of BVDV in free herds; and ongoing surveillance to monitor the progress of the program and to detect new infections. The objective of this review is to examine the impact of BVD and the management of the disease in three countries: Scotland, Spain, and Argentina, where BVD control programs are in distinct phases: established, developing, and yet to be initiated. This work also sets out to highlight potential difficulties and formulate recommendations for successful BVD control. It concludes that a systematic, countrywide approach is needed to achieve a sustainable decrease in BVD prevalence. The role of vaccines in control programs is concluded to be a valuable additional biosecurity measure. This study also concludes that there are potential wider benefits to a systematic BVD control program, such as a reduction in antimicrobial use and increases in the competitiveness of the cattle industry.

中文翻译：

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控制牛病毒性腹泻的比较研究

牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）是影响畜群生产力和繁殖的重要传染因子，并导致巨大的经济损失。因此，BVD 是全球许多控制和根除计划的主题。此类计划的关键要素是： 诊断并从畜群中清除持续感染的动物；实施旨在防止在自由畜群中引入或重新引入 BVDV 的生物安全措施；持续监测以监测计划的进展并发现新的感染。本次审查的目的是检查 BVD 的影响和疾病在三个国家的管理：苏格兰、西班牙和阿根廷，其中 BVD 控制计划处于不同的阶段：建立、发展和尚未启动。这项工作还着手强调潜在的困难，并为成功的 BVD 控制制定建议。它的结论是，需要一种系统的、全国性的方法来实现 BVD 患病率的可持续降低。疫苗在控制计划中的作用被认为是一项有价值的额外生物安全措施。该研究还得出结论，系统性 BVD 控制计划可能带来更广泛的好处，例如减少抗菌药物的使用和提高养牛业的竞争力。