Reversible phosphorylation is a prevalent mechanism by which the activity of eukaryotic transcription factors is regulated rapidly in response to changes in the cellular environment. Accumulated evidence has expanded the concept of phosphorylation to a process that provides dynamic and precise tuning of the transactivating potential of a factor, rather than being a static on/off switch. In the case of transcription factors such as heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), p53 and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), multisite phosphorylation enables several effects to operate within a single factor, thereby functioning as a key to signal integration. Studies on these transcription factors illustrate recent progress in solving the dynamic nature of transcriptional regulation by multisite phosphorylation.

中文翻译：

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多位磷酸化提供了转录因子的复杂调节。

可逆磷酸化是普遍机制，通过该机制，真核转录因子的活性响应细胞环境的变化而迅速受到调节。积累的证据将磷酸化的概念扩展到一个过程，该过程可以动态而精确地调节因子的反式激活电位，而不是静态的开/关开关。对于转录因子，例如热休克因子1（HSF1），p53和活化T细胞的核因子（NFAT），多位点磷酸化可以在单个因子内发挥多种作用，从而成为信号整合的关键。对这些转录因子的研究说明了通过多位磷酸化解决转录调控的动态性质方面的最新进展。