An entomological study was conducted in a Leishmania infantum focus, including the identification of the sand fly species, the detection and the characterization of Leishmania DNA in female sand flies, and blood meal origins in engorged sand flies. A total of 643 sand flies (31% female, 69% male) was identified based on their morphological features or molecular markers. Ten different species were identified, with Phlebotomus perniciosus, the confirmed vector of L. infantum, being the most abundant (56%), P. papatasi in 25% of sand flies, the unique vector species of L. major, and P. longicuspis in 7% of cases, the suspected second vector of L. infantum. Moreover, the infection rate was 3.4% in P. perniciousus, P. papatasi, P. longicuspis, and Sergentomya minuta. Also, L. infantum was identified in five unfed P. perniciosus and two P. longicuspis. Our results suggest the vector role of P. perniciosus and P. longicuspis in the transmission cycle of L. infantum. The DNA of four mammalian species (human, rabbit, horse, and cow) was identified in the blood meals of sand flies, suggesting that these species are potential reservoirs of leishmaniasis, though it is not yet fully elucidated (especially for MON‐24 and MON‐80). We suggest the existence of different transmission cycles of L. infantum involving different species of sand flies and hosts.

中文翻译：

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婴儿利什曼原虫的传播周期分析重点：沙蝇的感染率和血粉来源（双翅目：Psychodidae）。

在婴儿利什曼原虫的焦点上进行了昆虫学研究，包括沙蝇种的鉴定，雌性沙蝇中利什曼原虫DNA的检测和表征以及充血沙蝇的血粉来源。根据形态特征或分子标记，共鉴定出643种沙蝇（雌性31％，雄性69％）。确定了10种不同的物种，其中以百日咳杆菌（Plebotomus perniciosus）（已确认的婴儿小叶柳桉的载体）含量最高（56％），在25％的沙蝇中有巴氏木霉（P. papatasi），主要的小叶杜鹃（L. major）和长山杨（P. longicuspis）在7％的情况下，婴儿L .。此外，感染率为3.4％P. perniciousus，P. papatasi，P. longicuspis，和Sergentomya小粒。此外，在五个未进食的多年生P. perniciosus和两个P. longicuspis中鉴定出婴儿L .。我们的结果表明，P。perniciosus和P. longicuspis在婴儿乳杆菌传播周期中的载体作用。在沙蝇的血粉中鉴定出四种哺乳动物物种（人类，兔，马和牛）的DNA，这表明这些物种是利什曼病的潜在宿主，尽管尚未完全阐明（尤其是对于MON-24和MON-80）。我们建议存在不同种类的沙蝇和寄主的婴儿乳杆菌的不同传播周期。