Malaria transmission in South America is overwhelmingly located in the Amazon region with limited cases outside that biome. A key factor in the mitigation of malaria transmission is the determination of vector diversity and bionomics in endemic areas. Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in four different landscapes of Cruzeiro do Sul‐Acre, the current area with highest malaria transmission in Brazil. We performed adult mosquito collections every three months over two years and associated vector occurrence with local abiotic factors. A total of 1,754 Anopheles belonging to nine species were collected, but only four of them (An. albitarsis s.l. Lynch‐Arribalzaga, An. braziliensis Chagas, An. peryassui Dyar and Knab, and An. triannulatus Neiva and Pinto) represented 77.1% of the total. Vector density and diversity was uneven across field sites and collection periods. Higher Anopheles abundance (54.8%) and richness were observed in a deforested palm tree area (IFC), with An. braziliensis the most frequent mosquito (40.5%). Only 7.3% of mosquitoes were collected in the SAB village, but 66.4% of them were An. darlingi and An. oswaldoi, species often regarded as primary and secondary vectors of malaria in the Amazon region. A distinct biting preference was observed between 18:00‐19:40. The distance from the nearest breeding site and minimum temperature explained 41.6% of the Anopheles community composition. Our data show that the Anopheles species composition may present great variation on a microgeographic scale.

中文翻译：

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巴西疟疾传播最高流行地区四种地貌蚊的多样性。

南美洲的疟疾传播绝大多数位于亚马逊地区，该生物群落以外的病例有限。减轻疟疾传播的关键因素是确定流行地区的媒介多样性和生物组学。按蚊是在南克鲁塞鲁（Cruzeiro do Sul-Acre）的四个不同景观中采集的，这是巴西目前疟疾传播最高的地区。在过去的两年中，我们每三个月进行一次成人蚊子采集，并将病媒的发生与本地非生物因素相关联。总共收集到属于9个物种的1,754个按蚊，但其中只有4个（按蚊（An。albitarsis sl。Lynch -Arribalzaga ，巴西按蚊Angasica Chagas，按蚊Peryassui）Dyar和Knab，还有An。Triannulatus Neiva和Pinto）占总数的77.1％。在田间地点和采集期间，病媒密度和多样性不均。在被砍伐的棕榈树区域（IFC）中观察到较高的按蚊丰度（54.8％）和丰富度。巴西蚊子最常见（40.5％）。SAB村仅收集了7.3％的蚊子，但其中66.4％是蚊子。达令吉和安。oswaldoi，该物种通常被视为亚马逊地区疟疾的主要和次要媒介。在18：00-19：40之间观察到明显的咬人偏好。距最近繁殖地点的距离和最低温度解释了按蚊的41.6％社区组成。我们的数据表明按蚊物种组成可能在微观地理尺度上呈现出很大的变化。