Progression of renal parenchyma injury is characterized by increasing interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, irrespective of the cause. Histopathologic assessment of renal tissue obtained by biopsy remains the gold standard for determining the presence and extent of tubulointerstitial scarring. Discovery of robust non-invasive means for capturing a snapshot and for longitudinal monitoring of parenchymal deterioration has been the focus of intense multimodal effort by investigators within the renal community and beyond. Research in this field has included the use of in vitro and in vivo experimental models and has fostered the development and evaluation of tissue and biofluid assays for novel analytes with potential translation to the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney disease. Here, we examine recent advances in the search of "biomarkers" for detection of renal tubulointerstitial scarring and prediction of renal outcome in human renal disease.

中文翻译：

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慢性肾小管间质损伤的生物标志物。

肾实质损害的进展特征是间质纤维化和肾小管萎缩加剧，无论原因如何。通过活检获得的肾组织的组织病理学评估仍然是确定肾小管间质瘢痕的存在和程度的金标准。可靠的非侵入性手段以捕捉快照并纵向监测实质恶化是一种重要的多模式研究工作，一直是肾病界及其他领域研究者关注的焦点。该领域的研究包括体外和体内实验模型的使用，并促进了针对新型分析物的组织和生物流体分析的开发和评估，这些分析物可能会转化为肾脏疾病的诊断和预后。在这里，我们将探讨在搜索“