Arsenic and copper, two toxic pollutants, are powerful inducers of oxidative stress. Exposure to copper and arsenic can cause intestinal injury in cockerel. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these two pollutants on the gastrointestinal tract of cockerels. Experimental results showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) was inhibited and the ionic balance was destroyed after exposure to copper sulfate (300 mg/kg) and/or arsenic trioxide (30 mg/kg). However, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (nuclear factor kappa-B, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2 synthases) increased markedly. Damages to the biofilm structure and inflammatory cell infiltration were simultaneously observed during histological examination. Heat-shock proteins were also expressed in large quantities after exposure to the poisons. Collectively, exposure to arsenite and/or Cu2+ can cause rectal damage in cockerels, inducing inflammation and an imbalance in immune system responses. Sometimes, exposure to both pollutants can produce even more toxic effects. Heat-shock proteins can protect the tissue from the exotoxins but the specific mechanisms require exploration. After oral ingestion of toxins, the rectum can still be damaged, necessitating attention to the safety of poultry breeding, human food safety, and environmental protection.

中文翻译：

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铜（II）和/或砷（III）引起的鸡体内稳态，炎症反应失衡后热休克蛋白的活化。

砷和铜是两种有毒污染物，是氧化应激的强大诱因。暴露于铜和砷会导致公鸡肠损伤。进行了这项研究，以调查这两种污染物对公鸡胃肠道的影响。实验结果表明，暴露于硫酸铜（300 mg / kg）和/或三氧化二砷（30 mg / kg）后，抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）的活性受到抑制，离子平衡被破坏。但是，促炎细胞因子（核因子κB，环氧合酶-2，肿瘤坏死因子-α和前列腺素E2合成酶）的表达显着增加。在组织学检查中同时观察到对生物膜结构的破坏和炎性细胞浸润。暴露于毒药后，也会大量表达热休克蛋白。集体地，暴露于亚砷酸盐和/或Cu2 +会导致公鸡的直肠损伤，从而引起炎症和免疫系统反应的失衡。有时，暴露于两种污染物会产生更大的毒性作用。热激蛋白可以保护组织免受外毒素的侵害，但具体的机制尚待探索。口服摄入毒素后，直肠仍可能受损，因此必须注意家禽育种的安全性，人类食品安全性和环境保护。暴露于两种污染物会产生更大的毒性作用。热激蛋白可以保护组织免受外毒素的侵害，但具体的机制尚待探索。口服摄入毒素后，直肠仍可能受损，因此必须注意家禽育种的安全性，人类食品安全性和环境保护。暴露于两种污染物会产生更大的毒性作用。热激蛋白可以保护组织免受外毒素的侵害，但具体的机制尚待探索。口服摄入毒素后，直肠仍可能受损，因此必须注意家禽育种的安全性，人类食品安全性和环境保护。