Abstract Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) have emerged as a popular electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) in the last decade. Despite the absence of combustion products and toxins such as carbon monoxide (CO) and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), carbonyls including short-chain, toxic aldehydes have been detected in e-cigarette-derived aerosols up to levels found in tobacco smoke. Given the health concerns regarding exposures to toxic aldehydes, understanding both aldehyde generation in e-cigarette and e-cigarette exposure is critical. Thus, we measured aldehydes generated in aerosols derived from propylene glycol (PG): vegetable glycerin (VG) mixtures and from commercial e-liquids with flavorants using a state-of-the-art carbonyl trap and mass spectrometry. To track e-cigarette exposure in mice, we measured urinary metabolites of 4 aldehydes using ULPC-MS/MS or GC-MS. Aldehyde levels, regardless of abundance (saturated: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde ≫ unsaturated: acrolein, crotonaldehyde), were dependent on the PG:VG ratio and the presence of flavorants. The metabolites of 3 aldehydes – formate, acetate, and 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA; acrolein metabolite) – were increased in urine after e-cigarette aerosol and mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) exposures, but the crotonaldehyde metabolite (3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid, HPMMA) was increased only after MCS exposure. Interestingly, exposure to menthol-flavored e-cigarette aerosol increased the levels of urinary 3-HPMA and sum of nicotine exposure (nicotine, cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine) relative to exposure to a Classic Tobacco-flavored e-cigarette aerosol. Comparing these findings with aerosols of other ENDS and by measuring aldehyde-derived metabolites in human urine following exposure to e-cigarette aerosols will further our understanding of the relationship between ENDS use, aldehyde exposure, and health risk. © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research

中文翻译：

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电子烟产生的醛：电子烟液成分对其形成的贡献以及尿醛代谢物作为暴露生物标志物的用途

摘要 电子烟 (e-香烟) 在过去十年中已成为流行的电子尼古丁传递系统 (ENDS)。尽管没有燃烧产物和毒素，如一氧化碳 (CO) 和烟草特有的亚硝胺 (TSNA)，但在电子烟衍生的气溶胶中检测到的羰基化合物，包括短链有毒醛，含量高达烟草烟雾中的含量。鉴于暴露于有毒醛的健康问题，了解电子烟中醛的生成和电子烟暴露至关重要。因此，我们使用最先进的羰基阱和质谱法测量了由丙二醇 (PG)：植物甘油 (VG) 混合物和带有食用香料的商业电子烟油产生的气溶胶中产生的醛。为了追踪老鼠接触电子烟的情况，我们使用 ULPC-MS/MS 或 GC-MS 测量了 4 种醛的尿代谢物。醛水平，无论丰度如何（饱和：甲醛、乙醛 ≫ 不饱和：丙烯醛、巴豆醛），都取决于 PG:VG 比率和食用香料的存在。接触电子烟气溶胶和主流香烟烟雾 (MCS) 后，尿液中 3 种醛的代谢物——甲酸、乙酸和 3-羟丙基硫醇酸（3-HPMA；丙烯醛代谢物）增加，但巴豆醛代谢物（3-羟基-1-甲基丙基巯基酸，HPMMA）仅在 MCS 暴露后增加。有趣的是，与接触经典烟草味电子烟气雾剂相比，接触薄荷醇味电子烟气雾剂会增加尿液 3-HPMA 的水平和尼古丁暴露量（尼古丁、可替宁、反式 3'-羟基可替宁）的总和。将这些发现与其他 ENDS 的气溶胶进行比较，并通过测量暴露于电子烟气溶胶后人类尿液中醛衍生的代谢物，将进一步了解 ENDS 使用、醛暴露和健康风险之间的关系。© 2018 美国气溶胶研究协会