Introduction: Inter-individual variability in response to drug treatment has induced an increased demand for decisions via personalize medicine. Also, the contribution of proteomics to the era of personalized medicine would seem to be vital in improving therapeutic outcomes.

Areas covered: We review validated biomarkers discovered by proteomics techniques and their use in personalized medicine with the focus on kidney diseases. We discuss this topic with a special emphasis on recent publications and relevant initiatives and depict some limitations that remain for personalized medicine.

Expert opinion: The development of highly accurate biomarkers is essential for optimizing the management of kidney diseases. Various biomarkers of kidney diseases have been identified using proteomic techniques. However, only a few of these biomarkers showed the potential to be used in clinical practice concerning personalized medicine. Therefore, it becomes evident that the combination of multiple biomarkers confers higher accuracy and the ability to depict complex pathophysiological conditions, a prerequisite for personalized treatment. CKD273, a multimarker panel for early CKD detection may serve as a first example for personalized medicine in nephrology. Based on this successful example, proteomics is expected to develop into the key technology to guide personalized intervention.

简介：对药物治疗的个体差异导致通过个性化药物做出决策的需求增加。同样，蛋白质组学对个性化医学时代的贡献似乎对于改善治疗效果至关重要。

涵盖的领域：我们审查通过蛋白质组学技术发现的经过验证的生物标记物，并将其用于个性化医学中，重点关注肾脏疾病。我们在讨论此主题时特别着重于最近的出版物和相关举措，并描述了个性化医学仍然存在的一些局限性。

专家意见：高度精确的生物标记物的开发对于优化肾脏疾病的管理至关重要。已经使用蛋白质组学技术鉴定了肾脏疾病的各种生物标志物。但是，这些生物标记物中只有少数显示出可用于有关个性化医学的临床实践的潜力。因此，显而易见的是，多种生物标志物的组合赋予了更高的准确性和描绘复杂病理生理状况的能力，这是个性化治疗的前提。CKD273，一种用于早期CKD检测的多标记物，可作为肾脏病个性化医学的第一个实例。基于这个成功的例子，蛋白质组学有望成为指导个性化干预的关键技术。