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Legacy of Multiple Stressors: Responses of Gastropod Larvae and Juveniles to Ocean Acidification and Nutrition
The Biological Bulletin ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 , DOI: 10.1086/702993
S. N. Bogan , J. B. McMahon , J. A. Pechenik , A. Pires

Ocean acidification poses a significant threat to calcifying invertebrates by negatively influencing shell deposition and growth. An organism’s performance under ocean acidification is not determined by the susceptibility of one single life-history stage, nor is it solely controlled by the direct physical consequences of ocean acidification. Shell development by one life-history stage is sometimes a function of the pH or pCO2 levels experienced during earlier developmental stages. Furthermore, environmental factors such as access to nutrition can buffer organismal responses of calcifying invertebrates to ocean acidification, or they can function as a co-occurring stressor when access is low. We reared larvae and juveniles of the planktotrophic marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata through combined treatments of nutritional stress and low pH, and we monitored how multiple stressors endured during the larval stage affected juvenile performance. Shell growth responded non-linearly to decreasing pH, significantly declining between pH 7.6 and pH 7.5 in larvae and juveniles. Larval rearing at pH 7.5 reduced juvenile growth as a carryover effect. Larval rearing at pH 7.6 reduced subsequent juvenile growth despite the absence of a negative impact on larval growth, demonstrating a latent effect. Low larval pH magnified the impact of larval nutritional stress on competence for metamorphosis and increased carryover effects of larval nutrition on juvenile growth. Trans-life-cycle effects of larval nutrition were thus modulated by larval exposure to ocean acidification.

中文翻译:

多重压力的遗产:腹足动物幼虫和幼体对海洋酸化和营养的反应

海洋酸化对贝壳沉积和生长产生负面影响,从而对钙化无脊椎动物构成重大威胁。一个生物体在海洋酸化下的表现不是由单一生命史阶段的易感性决定的,也不完全由海洋酸化的直接物理后果控制。一个生命史阶段的壳发育有时是早期发育阶段经历的 pH 值或 pCO2 水平的函数。此外,获得营养等环境因素可以缓冲钙化无脊椎动物对海洋酸化的有机体反应,或者当获得低时它们可以作为共同发生的压力源。我们通过营养胁迫和低 pH 值的联合处理饲养浮游海洋腹足动物 Crepidula fornicata 的幼体和幼体,我们监测了在幼虫阶段的多重压力是如何影响幼虫的表现的。壳的生长对降低的 pH 值呈非线性响应,幼虫和幼虫的 pH 值在 7.6 和 7.5 之间显着下降。在 pH 值 7.5 下饲养幼虫会减少幼虫的生长,这是一种遗留效应。尽管对幼虫生长没有负面影响,但在 pH 7.6 下饲养幼虫会减少随后的幼虫生长,这表明存在潜在影响。低幼体 pH 值放大了幼体营养应激对变态能力的影响,并增加了幼体营养对幼体生长的影响。幼虫营养的跨生命周期效应因此受到幼虫暴露于海洋酸化的调节。壳的生长对降低的 pH 值呈非线性响应,幼虫和幼虫的 pH 值在 7.6 和 7.5 之间显着下降。在 pH 值 7.5 下饲养幼虫会减少幼虫的生长,这是一种遗留效应。尽管对幼虫生长没有负面影响,但在 pH 7.6 下饲养幼虫会减少随后的幼虫生长,这表明存在潜在影响。低幼体 pH 值放大了幼体营养应激对变态能力的影响,并增加了幼体营养对幼体生长的影响。幼虫营养的跨生命周期效应因此受到幼虫暴露于海洋酸化的调节。壳的生长对降低的 pH 值呈非线性响应,幼虫和幼虫的 pH 值在 7.6 和 7.5 之间显着下降。在 pH 值 7.5 下饲养幼虫会减少幼虫的生长,这是一种遗留效应。尽管对幼虫生长没有负面影响,但在 pH 7.6 下饲养幼虫会减少随后的幼虫生长,这表明存在潜在影响。低幼体 pH 值放大了幼体营养应激对变态能力的影响,并增加了幼体营养对幼体生长的影响。幼虫营养的跨生命周期效应因此受到幼虫暴露于海洋酸化的调节。尽管对幼虫生长没有负面影响,但 6 减少了随后的幼虫生长,证明了潜在的影响。低幼体 pH 值放大了幼体营养应激对变态能力的影响,并增加了幼体营养对幼体生长的影响。幼虫营养的跨生命周期效应因此受到幼虫暴露于海洋酸化的调节。尽管对幼虫生长没有负面影响,但 6 减少了随后的幼虫生长,证明了潜在的影响。低幼体 pH 值放大了幼体营养应激对变态能力的影响,并增加了幼体营养对幼体生长的影响。幼虫营养的跨生命周期效应因此受到幼虫暴露于海洋酸化的调节。
更新日期:2019-06-01
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