NemR is an electrophile-sensing regulator which controls two enzymes required for the detoxification of reactive electrophiles: N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) reductase and glyoxalase I in Escherichia coli. Both enzymes are essential for bacterial survival in the presence of toxic reactive electrophiles, such as N-ethylmaleimide and methyl glyoxal. Here, we report the identification and characterization of NemR from Acinetobacter nosocomialis, a nosocomial pathogen. We confirmed that nemR and the nemA gene which encodes N-ethylmaleimide reductase form a single operon, which is in accordance with the reports from E. coli. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of an NemR binding motif in the promoter regions of nemRA operon and gloA (encoding glyoxalase I) and the binding was confirmed by gel mobility shift assay. The deletion of nemR resulted in increased biofilm/pellicle formation in A. nosocomialis. mRNA expression analysis revealed that NemR acts as a repressor of the nemRA operon and gloA, and that the repressor function is inactivated by the addition of toxic Cys modification agents, contributing to bacterial survival. In addition, it was demonstrated that the nemRA operon is positively regulated by the quorum sensing regulator, AnoR and the operon plays a role in biofilm/pellicle formation in A. nosocomialis.

中文翻译：

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转录因子NemR是一种亲电子感应调节剂，对于医院内不动杆菌中反应性亲电子的解毒很重要。

NemR是一种亲电感应调节剂，它控制反应性亲电试剂的解毒所需的两种酶：大肠杆菌中的N-乙基马来酰亚胺（NEM）还原酶和乙二醛酶I。在有毒的反应性亲电试剂（例如N-乙基马来酰亚胺和甲基乙二醛）存在下，这两种酶对于细菌的生存都是必不可少的。在这里，我们报道了医院病原体医院不动杆菌NemR的鉴定和表征。我们证实，nemR和编码N-乙基马来酰亚胺还原酶的nemA基因形成一个操纵子，这与大肠杆菌的报道一致。生物信息学分析显示，在nemRA操纵子和gloA（编码乙二醛酶I）的启动子区域中存在NemR结合基序，并且通过凝胶迁移率移动测定法确认了结合。nemR的删除导致医院菌中生物膜/表皮的形成增加。mRNA表达分析表明，NemR充当nemRA操纵子和gloA的阻遏物，并且通过添加有毒的Cys修饰剂可以使阻遏物功能失活，从而有助于细菌存活。此外，已证明nemRA操纵子受到群体感应调节剂AnoR的正调控，并且操纵子在医院链霉菌的生物膜/表皮形成中起作用。