Sleep disturbances and chronic pain are considered public health concerns. They are frequently associated, and the direction of its relationship and possible mechanisms underlying it are frequently debated. The exploration of the sleep-pain association is of great clinical interest to explore in order to steer potential therapeutic avenues, accommodate the patient's experience, and adapt the common practice of health professionals. In this review, the direction between sleep-pain in adult and pediatric populations will be discussed. Moreover, the possible mechanisms contributing to this relationship as endogenous pain modulation, inflammation, affect, mood and other states, the role of different endogenous substances (dopamine, orexin, melatonin, vitamin D) as well as other lesser known such as cyclic alternating pattern among others, will be explored. Finally, directions for future studies on this area will be discussed, opening up to the addition of tools such as brain imaging (e.g., fMRI), electrophysiology and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques. Such resources paired with artificial intelligence are key to personalized medicine management for patients facing pain and sleep interacting conditions.

中文翻译：

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睡眠和疼痛：研究这种关系的最新见解，机制和未来方向。

睡眠障碍和慢性疼痛被认为是公共健康问题。它们经常相关联，并且人们经常争论其关系的方向和潜在的机制。探索睡眠疼痛协会对于引导潜在的治疗途径，适应患者的经验并适应卫生专业人员的常规做法具有重大的临床意义。在这篇综述中，将讨论成人和儿童人群中睡眠痛之间的方向。此外，促成这种关系的可能机制包括内源性疼痛调节，炎症，情绪，情绪和其他状态，不同内源性物质（多巴胺，食欲素​​，褪黑激素，维生素D）的作用以及其他鲜为人知的诸如循环交替模式其中，将被探索。最后，将讨论该领域未来研究的方向，以增加诸如脑成像（例如fMRI），电生理学和非侵入性脑刺激技术等工具。此类资源与人工智能相结合，对于面对疼痛和睡眠相互作用情况的患者而言，个性化药物管理至关重要。