BACKGROUND Human movement is a driver of malaria transmission and has implications for sustainable malaria control. However, little research has been done on the impact of fine-scale movement on malaria transmission and control in high-transmission settings. As interest in targeted malaria control increases, evaluations are needed to determine the appropriateness of these strategies in the context of human mobility across a variety of transmission settings. METHODS A human mobility study was conducted in Nchelenge District, a high-transmission setting in northern Zambia. Over 1 year, 84 participants were recruited from active malaria surveillance cohorts to wear a global positioning system data logger for 1 month during all daily activity. Participants completed a survey questionnaire and underwent malaria testing and treatment at the time of logger distribution and at collection 1 month later. Incident malaria infections were identified using polymerase chain reaction. Participant movement was characterized throughout the study area and across areas targeted for an indoor residual spraying (IRS) intervention. Participant movement patterns were compared using movement intensity maps, activity space plots, and statistical analyses. Malaria risk was characterized across participants using spatial risk maps and time spent away from home during peak vector biting hours. RESULTS Movement data were collected from 82 participants, and 63 completed a second study visit. Participants exhibited diverse mobility patterns across the study area, including movement into and out of areas targeted for IRS, potentially mitigating the impact of IRS on parasite prevalence. Movement patterns did not differ significantly by season or age, but male participants traveled longer distances and spent more time away from home. Monthly malaria incidence was 22%, and malaria risk was characterized as high across participants. Participants with incident parasitemia traveled a shorter distance and spent more time away from home during peak biting hours; however, these relationships were not statistically significant, and malaria risk score did not differ by incident parasitemia. CONCLUSIONS Individual movement patterns in Nchelenge District, Zambia have implications for malaria control, particularly the effectiveness of targeted IRS strategies. Large and fine-scale population mobility patterns should be considered when planning intervention strategies across transmission settings.

中文翻译：

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使用GPS数据记录器描述时空运动方式对赞比亚北部高传播地区疟疾控制的影响。

背景技术人类运动是疟疾传播的驱动力，并且对可持续的疟疾控制具有影响。但是，关于小规模运动对高传播环境中疟疾传播和控制的影响的研究很少。随着对有目标的疟疾控制的兴趣增加，需要进行评估以确定这些策略在各种传播环境下的人类活动范围内是否合适。方法在赞比亚北部高传输率的Nchelenge区进行了一项人类流动性研究。在1年的时间里，从活跃的疟疾监测队列中招募了84名参与者，在所有日常活动中都佩戴了全球定位系统数据记录器，为期1个月。参与者完成了调查问卷，并在分发记录器时以及在1个月后的收集时进行了疟疾测试和治疗。使用聚合酶链反应确定了疟疾的感染事件。在整个研究区域和针对室内残留喷雾（IRS）干预的目标区域之间，对参与者的运动进行了表征。使用运动强度图，活动空间图和统计分析比较参与者的运动模式。使用空间风险图和在尖峰传染媒介叮咬时间在家中度过的时间来表征参与者的疟疾风险。结果从82位参与者中收集了运动数据，其中63位完成了第二次研究访问。参与者在研究区域内展现出多种多样的流动模式，包括进出国税局指定区域的行动，有可能减轻国税局对寄生虫流行的影响。不同季节或年龄的运动方式没有明显差异，但是男性参与者走了更长的距离并且花了更多的时间离开家。每月的疟疾发病率为22％，参与者的疟疾风险很高。发生寄生虫病的参与者在高峰期的上班时间更短，花了更多的时间离开家。但是，这些关系在统计学上并不显着，并且疟疾风险评分因寄生虫病而无差异。结论赞比亚Nchelenge区的个人运动方式对控制疟疾具有重要意义，特别是有针对性的IRS策略的有效性。