abstract:Many scholars avoid the use of the term “Darwinism.” It is not ideal, even to refer to Darwin’s own complex and fluid thinking about evolution, let alone to modern transformations of his ideas. The addition of the prefix neo- for those modern transformations does not solve the terminological problem. The same argument can be made for Lamarckism and its cognates: they are not ideal or meaningful labels to refer to Lamarck’s heterogeneous ideas. Lamarck’s name is even less appropriate as a label for modern developments in biology and, particularly, for the idea of the (presumed) inheritance of acquired characters. The dichotomous framing of modern thinking about evolution in terms of “Darwinian” and “Lamarckian” is especially confusing and un-helpful. Historians are obliged to use historical terms like “Lamarckism” or “Darwinism,” but philosophers and biologists should try to avoid using these terms and their cognates and learn to use more precise and less ambiguous, confusing, misleading, and emotionally charged words and phrases.

中文翻译：

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放过拉马克吧！为什么必须避免使用术语“拉马克主义”及其同源词

摘要：许多学者避免使用“达尔文主义”一词。这并不理想，即使提到达尔文自己对进化的复杂和流动的思考，更不用说他思想的现代转变了。为这些现代转换添加前缀 neo- 并不能解决术语问题。可以对拉马克主义及其同源词提出同样的论点：它们不是指代拉马克的异质思想的理想或有意义的标签。拉马克的名字更不适合作为现代生物学发展的标签，特别是对于获得性特征的（假定的）继承思想。用“达尔文主义”和“拉马克主义”对现代进化思维进行二分法构建，尤其令人困惑和无益。历史学家不得不使用诸如“拉马克主义”或“达尔文主义”之类的历史术语，