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Comorbidity Patterns Among Patients With Opioid Use Disorder and Problem Gambling: ADHD Status Predicts Class Membership
Journal of Dual Diagnosis ( IF 2.324 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-18 , DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1590672
Marisa Silbernagl 1 , Takuya Yanagida 2 , Rudolf Slamanig 3 , Gabriele Fischer 1 , Laura Brandt 2
Affiliation  

Abstract Objective: Psychiatric comorbidities are highly prevalent among individuals affected by substance use disorders and those with non-substance-related addictive disorders such as gambling disorder. More recently, the frequent co-occurrence of substance use disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has received particular attention. The aim of our study was to identify patterns of psychiatric comorbidity and to examine associations between patient group and ADHD status with class membership. Methods: Participants were patients with opioid use disorder enrolled in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT), either recruited from the community (n = 142; M age = 35.8 years; 38.7% female) or prison (n = 133; M age = 35.7 years; 21.8% female), and patients undergoing treatment for problem gambling (PrG; n = 80; M age = 43.1 years; 20% female). To enable direct comparisons, the following instruments were applied: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Adult ADHD self-report scale, Wender Utah Rating Scale, and European Addiction Severity Index. We used a latent class analysis (LCA) to identify psychiatric comorbidity patterns and a multinomial logistic regression to examine associations between patient group, ADHD status, age, and gender with class membership. Results: The LCA resulted in a three-class solution: (1) a class of individuals with a relatively low probability of current psychiatric comorbidities, except for a high probability of substance use disorders; (2) a class with markedly increased probabilities of current and recurrent psychiatric comorbidities, especially for major depression; and (3) a class with very low probabilities of psychiatric comorbidities, except for moderate probabilities of substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder. Both OMT patients recruited from the community and those in prison were less likely than PrG patients to be assigned to the most burdened class with respect to psychiatric comorbidity (class 2). Further, both individuals with ADHD in childhood and those with adult ADHD were more likely members of class 2. Conclusions: PrG patients seem to be at an even higher risk for psychiatric comorbidities compared to OMT patients. Raising awareness among practitioners for the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among patients with gambling disorder and individuals with ADHD is crucial to initiate adequate treatment and to improve response.

中文翻译:

阿片类药物使用障碍和赌博问题患者的共病模式:多动症状态预测班级成员

摘要 目的:精神共病在受物质使用障碍和非物质相关成瘾障碍(如赌博障碍)影响的个体中非常普遍。最近,物质使用障碍和注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的频繁同时发生受到了特别关注。我们研究的目的是确定精神病合并症的模式,并检查患者组和 ADHD 状态与班级成员之间的关联。方法:参与者是从社区(n = 142;M 年龄 = 35.8 岁;38.7% 女性)或监狱(n = 133;M 年龄 = 35.7 岁)招募参加阿片类药物维持治疗 (OMT) 的阿片类药物使用障碍患者; 21.8% 女性),以及接受赌博问题治疗的患者(PrG;n = 80;M 年龄 = 43.1 岁;20% 女性)。为了进行直接比较,应用了以下工具:迷你国际神经精神病学访谈、成人 ADHD 自我报告量表、Wender Utah 评定量表和欧洲成瘾严重程度指数。我们使用潜在类别分析 (LCA) 来确定精神病合并症模式,并使用多项逻辑回归来检查患者组、ADHD 状态、年龄和性别与类别成员之间的关联。结果: LCA 产生了三类解决方案:(1)一类具有当前精神共病概率相对较低的个体,但物质使用障碍的概率较高;(2) 当前和复发性精神共病的可能性显着增加的一类,尤其是重度抑郁症;(3) 除了中等概率的物质使用障碍和反社会人格障碍之外,精神共病概率极低的类别。从社区招募的 OMT 患者和监狱中的 OMT 患者比 PrG 患者更不可能被分配到精神共病负担最重的类别(2 类)。此外,儿童多动症患者和成人多动症患者更可能属于第 2 类。结论:与 OMT 患者相比,PrG 患者患精神疾病的风险似乎更高。提高从业者对赌博障碍患者和 ADHD 患者精神共病率高的认识对于启动适当的治疗和改善反应至关重要。除了中等概率的物质使用障碍和反社会人格障碍。从社区招募的 OMT 患者和监狱中的 OMT 患者比 PrG 患者更不可能被分配到精神共病负担最重的类别(2 类)。此外,儿童多动症患者和成人多动症患者更可能属于第 2 类。结论:与 OMT 患者相比,PrG 患者患精神疾病的风险似乎更高。提高从业者对赌博障碍患者和 ADHD 患者精神共病率高的认识对于启动适当的治疗和改善反应至关重要。除了中等概率的物质使用障碍和反社会人格障碍。从社区招募的 OMT 患者和监狱中的 OMT 患者比 PrG 患者更不可能被分配到精神共病负担最重的类别(2 类)。此外,儿童多动症患者和成人多动症患者更可能属于第 2 类。结论:与 OMT 患者相比,PrG 患者患精神疾病的风险似乎更高。提高从业者对赌博障碍患者和 ADHD 患者精神共病高患病率的认识对于启动适当的治疗和改善反应至关重要。从社区招募的 OMT 患者和监狱中的 OMT 患者比 PrG 患者更不可能被分配到精神共病负担最重的类别(2 类)。此外,儿童多动症患者和成人多动症患者更可能属于第 2 类。结论:与 OMT 患者相比,PrG 患者患精神疾病的风险似乎更高。提高从业者对赌博障碍患者和 ADHD 患者精神共病率高的认识对于启动适当的治疗和改善反应至关重要。从社区招募的 OMT 患者和监狱中的 OMT 患者比 PrG 患者更不可能被分配到精神共病负担最重的类别(2 类)。此外,儿童多动症患者和成人多动症患者更可能属于第 2 类。结论:与 OMT 患者相比,PrG 患者患精神疾病的风险似乎更高。提高从业者对赌博障碍患者和 ADHD 患者精神共病率高的认识对于启动适当的治疗和改善反应至关重要。儿童期 ADHD 和成年 ADHD 的个体更可能属于第 2 类。结论:与 OMT 患者相比,PrG 患者患精神疾病的风险似乎更高。提高从业者对赌博障碍患者和 ADHD 患者精神共病率高的认识对于启动适当的治疗和改善反应至关重要。儿童时期患有 ADHD 的人和患有成人 ADHD 的人更可能属于第 2 类。结论:与 OMT 患者相比,PrG 患者患精神疾病的风险似乎更高。提高从业者对赌博障碍患者和 ADHD 患者精神共病率高的认识对于启动适当的治疗和改善反应至关重要。
更新日期:2019-04-18
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