Mycotoxins are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by fungi that colonize food crops. The most agriculturally important mycotoxins known today are aflatoxins, which cause liver cancer and have also been implicated in child growth impairment and acute toxicoses; fumonisins, which have been associated with esophageal cancer (EC) and neural tube defects (NTDs); deoxynivalenol (DON) and other trichothecenes, which are immunotoxic and cause gastroenteritis; and ochratoxin A (OTA), which has been associated with renal diseases. This review describes the adverse human health impacts associated with these major groups of mycotoxins. First, we provide background on the fungi that produce these different mycotoxins and on the food crops commonly infected. Then, we describe each group of mycotoxins in greater detail, as well as the adverse effects associated with each mycotoxin and the populations worldwide at risk. We conclude with a brief discussion on estimations of global burden of disease caused by dietary mycotoxin exposure.

中文翻译：

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食源性真菌毒素对公众健康的影响。

霉菌毒素是由寄生在粮食作物上的真菌产生的有毒和致癌代谢物。目前已知的最重要的农业真菌毒素是黄曲霉毒素，它会导致肝癌，也与儿童生长障碍和急性中毒有关；伏马菌素，与食道癌 (EC) 和神经管缺陷 (NTD) 相关；脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 和其他单端孢霉烯，具有免疫毒性并引起肠胃炎；赭曲霉毒素 A (OTA)，与肾脏疾病有关。本综述描述了与这些主要真菌毒素组相关的不利人类健康影响。首先，我们提供了产生这些不同真菌毒素的真菌和常见感染的粮食作物的背景。然后，我们更详细地描述每组霉菌毒素，以及与每种霉菌毒素和全世界面临风险的人群相关的不利影响。最后，我们简要讨论了膳食霉菌毒素暴露引起的全球疾病负担的估计。