Abstract

Recognition without cued recall (RWCR) is a phenomenon that participants can effectively discriminate cues that resemble studied items from the ones that do not, even when they are not able to recall a studied item which is cued at test. It has been shown that a word’s features could give rise to the RWCR effect. In the present study, by using this paradigm, we systematically investigated whether particular types of features alone, including orthographic, phonological, and semantic features, could evoke feelings of familiarity. By taking the advantage of a logographically scripted language (i.e., Chinese) to dissociate phonological from orthographic features in Experiment 1 and vice versa in Experiment 2, we examined whether phonological and orthographic features could induce a significant RWCR effect. In Experiment 3, by using a cross-language design to dissociate sematic features from orthographic and phonological features, we further explored whether separate semantic features could elicit the RWCR effect. A significant RWCR effect was found in all these experiments. These results have demonstrated that familiarity could be based on separate phonological, orthographic, and semantic features. The results are further discussed in relation to several theoretical explanations of familiarity.

摘要

无需提示回忆的识别（RWCR）是一种现象，即使参与者无法回忆起在测试中提示的被研究项目，参与者也可以有效地将与所研究项目相似的提示与不被提示的项目区分开。已经表明，单词的特征可以引起RWCR效果。在本研究中，通过使用这种范式，我们系统地研究了单独的特定类型的特征（包括正字法，语音特征和语义特征）是否可以唤起人们的熟悉感。通过利用逻辑记录脚本语言（即中文）的优势，将语音1与实验1的拼写特征分离，反之亦然，在实验2中，我们检查了语音和拼写特征是否可以引起明显的RWCR效果。在实验3中，通过使用跨语言设计将语义特征与正字法和语音特征分离，我们进一步探索了单独的语义特征是否可以引起RWCR效应。在所有这些实验中发现了显着的RWCR效应。这些结果表明，熟悉度可以基于单独的语音，正字和语义特征。结合几种熟悉的理论解释进一步讨论了结果。