MiRNAs are class of noncoding RNA important for gene expression regulation in many plants, animals and viruses. MiRNA clusters contain a set of two or more miRNA encoding genes, transcribed together as polycistronic miRNAs. Currently, there are approximately 159 miRNA clusters reported in the human genome consisting of miRNAs ranging from two or more miRNA genes. A large proportion of clustered miRNAs resides in and around the fragile sites or cancer associated genomic hotspots and plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Altered expression of miRNA cluster can be pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic and can be targeted for clinical management of cancer. Over the past few years, manipulation of miRNA clusters expression is attempted for experimental purpose as well as for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications in cancer. Re-expression of miRNAs by epigenetic therapy, genome editing such as clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and miRNA mowers showed promising results in cancer therapy. In this review, we focused on the potential of miRNA clusters as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, targeted therapy as well as strategies for modulating their expression in a therapeutic context. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs.

中文翻译：

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集群 miRNA 和癌症：诊断、预后和治疗机会。

MiRNA 是一类对许多植物、动物和病毒的基因表达调控很重要的非编码 RNA。miRNA 簇包含一组两个或多个 miRNA 编码基因，它们一起转录为多顺反子 miRNA。目前，在人类基因组中报道了大约 159 个 miRNA 簇，由两个或多个 miRNA 基因的 miRNA 组成。大部分成簇的 miRNA 位于脆弱位点或与癌症相关的基因组热点内部和周围，并在致癌作用中起重要作用。miRNA 簇的改变表达可以是促肿瘤发生或抗肿瘤发生的，并且可以作为癌症临床管理的目标。在过去几年中，人们尝试操纵 miRNA 簇表达以用于实验目的以及癌症的诊断、预后和治疗应用。通过表观遗传疗法、基因组编辑（例如成簇调节间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR) 和 miRNA 割草机）重新表达 miRNA，在癌症治疗中显示出有希望的结果。在这篇综述中，我们关注 miRNA 簇作为诊断、预后、靶向治疗的生物标志物的潜力，以及在治疗环境中调节其表达的策略。本文归类为：调控 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关 > 调控 RNA RNA 加工 > 疾病和发展中的小 RNA RNA 加工 > 疾病调控 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关中的 RNA > 效应小 RNA 的生物发生。我们专注于 miRNA 簇作为诊断、预后、靶向治疗以及在治疗环境中调节其表达的策略的生物标志物的潜力。本文归类为：调控 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关 > 调控 RNA RNA 加工 > 疾病和发展中的小 RNA RNA 加工 > 疾病调控 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关中的 RNA > 效应小 RNA 的生物发生。我们专注于 miRNA 簇作为诊断、预后、靶向治疗以及在治疗环境中调节其表达的策略的生物标志物的潜力。本文归类为：调控 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关 > 调控 RNA RNA 加工 > 疾病和发展中的小 RNA RNA 加工 > 疾病调控 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关中的 RNA > 效应小 RNA 的生物发生。