Head injuries are often fatal or of sufficient severity to pedestrians in vehicle crashes. Finite element (FE) simulation provides an effective approach to understand pedestrian head injury mechanisms in vehicle crashes. However, studies of pedestrian head safety considering full human body response and a broad range of impact scenarios are still scarce due to the long computing time of the current FE human body models in expensive simulations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate a computationally efficient FE pedestrian model for future studies of pedestrian head safety. Firstly, a FE pedestrian model with a relatively small number of elements (432,694 elements) was developed in the current study. This pedestrian model was then validated at both segment and full body levels against cadaver test data. The simulation results suggest that the responses of the knee, pelvis, thorax, and shoulder in the pedestrian model are generally within the boundaries of cadaver test corridors under lateral impact loading. The upper body (head, T1, and T8) trajectories show good agreements with the cadaver data in vehicle-to-pedestrian impact configuration. Overall, the FE pedestrian model developed in the current study could be useful as a valuable tool for a pedestrian head safety study.

中文翻译：

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用于头部安全的计算高效的有限元行人模型：开发和验证。

在车祸中，行人的头部受伤通常是致命的或足够严重的。有限元 (FE) 仿真提供了一种有效的方法来了解车辆碰撞中行人头部受伤的机制。然而，由于当前有限元人体模型在昂贵的模拟中计算时间较长，考虑完整人体反应和广泛冲击场景的行人头部安全研究仍然很少。因此，本研究的目的是开发和验证计算高效的有限元行人模型，用于未来行人头部安全的研究。首先，本研究开发了一个元素数量相对较少（432,694 个元素）的有限元行人模型。然后根据尸体测试数据在分段和全身水平上验证该行人模型。仿真结果表明，行人模型中膝盖、骨盆、胸部和肩部的响应在横向冲击载荷下总体上位于尸体测试走廊的边界内。在车辆与行人碰撞配置中，上半身（头部、T1 和 T8）轨迹与尸体数据吻合良好。总体而言，当前研究中开发的有限元行人模型可以作为行人头部安全研究的有价值的工具。