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Sex differences in perceptual responses to experimental pain before and after an experimental fatiguing arm task.
Biology of Sex Differences ( IF 7.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-07 , DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0253-7
Annamaria Otto 1, 2 , Kim Emery 1, 2 , Julie N Côté 1, 2
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND The incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is about twice as high in women compared to men, and those of the neck/shoulder region are particularly high among women. Fatigue and responses towards pain are known risk factor for MSDs. However, women have been shown to be less fatigable than men, but more sensitive to experimental pain. From a general standpoint, sex differences in the relationships between the fatigue and pain pathways are poorly understood. This may be due to differences in how men and women conceptually define the sensations of fatigue and pain. The objective of this study was to compare physical and verbal descriptors of fatigue and pain between men and women undergoing an experimental protocol where fatigue and pain were manipulated. METHODS Healthy adult volunteers (14 men and 14 women) underwent experimental pain tests to identify pressure pain threshold (PPT) at biceps brachii (BIC), anterior deltoid (AD), and upper trapezius (UT) followed by the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) before and after a repetitive arm task performed at shoulder height until reaching a rating of neck/shoulder perceived exertion, using the Borg Category Ratio 10 (CR10), greater than 8/10. PPT and MPQ data were analyzed using repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) (time × sex). Correlational analyses were used to investigate relationships between pain measures with time and fatigue. RESULTS UT PPT was reduced following the fatiguing task (p ≤ 0.01). Men overall reported higher AD PPT levels compared to women (p ≤ 0.05). MPQ and PCS magnification scores were significantly higher after the fatiguing task (p ≤ 0.05), with no sex differences. Time to fatigue correlated with changes in AD PPT in men and with PCS scores in women. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that mechanisms underlying the sensation of acute pain following a repetitive shoulder height task are closely linked with PPT changes in shoulder stabilizers (UT) irrespective of sex, and more so with physical pain responses in men and in attitudes towards pain in women. Sex differences in pain perception may contribute to a better understanding of sex-specific mechanisms underlying neck/shoulder MSDs.

中文翻译:

实验性疲劳手臂任务前后对实验性疼痛的知觉反应中的性别差异。

背景技术女性的肌肉骨骼疾病(MSD)的发病率和患病率是男性的两倍,而颈部/肩部区域的女性尤其如此。疲劳和对疼痛的反应是MSD的已知危险因素。但是,事实证明,女性比男性容易受孕,但对实验性疼痛更敏感。从一般的角度来看,关于疲劳和疼痛途径之间关系的性别差异了解得很少。这可能是由于男人和女人在概念上定义疲劳感和疼痛感的方式不同。这项研究的目的是比较正在接受实验方法(疲劳和疼痛得到控制)的男女在疲劳方面的身体和言语描述。方法健康的成年志愿者(14名男性和14名女性)接受了实验性疼痛测试,以识别肱二头肌(BIC),前三角肌(AD)和上斜方肌(UT)的压力疼痛阈值(PPT),然后进行短形式的麦吉尔疼痛使用Borg类别比率10(CR10),大于8/10的重复手臂任务在肩高处执行,直到达到脖子/肩膀感知的劳累等级之前和之后的问卷(SF-MPQ)和疼痛灾难性量表(PCS) 。PPT和MPQ数据使用方差重复测量分析(ANOVA)(时间×性别)进行分析。相关分析用于研究疼痛措施与时间和疲劳之间的关系。结果疲劳任务后UT PPT降低(p≤0.01)。总体而言,男性报告的AD PPT水平高于女性(p≤0.05)。在完成疲劳任务后,MPQ和PCS放大倍数得分显着更高(p≤0.05),无性别差异。疲劳时间与男性AD PPT的变化和女性PCS分数相关。结论研究结果表明,重复肩高任务后引起急性疼痛感觉的潜在机制与肩膀稳定剂(UT)的PPT变化密切相关,而与性别无关,而与男性的身体疼痛反应以及女性对疼痛的态度则更是如此。疼痛知觉中的性别差异可能有助于更好地理解颈部/肩部MSD的性别特异性机制。结论研究结果表明,重复肩高任务后引起急性疼痛感觉的潜在机制与肩膀稳定剂(UT)的PPT变化密切相关,而与性别无关,而与男性的身体疼痛反应以及女性对疼痛的态度则更是如此。疼痛知觉中的性别差异可能有助于更好地理解颈部/肩部MSD的性别特异性机制。结论研究结果表明,重复肩高任务后引起急性疼痛感觉的潜在机制与肩膀稳定剂(UT)的PPT变化密切相关,而与性别无关,而与男性的身体疼痛反应以及女性对疼痛的态度则更是如此。疼痛知觉中的性别差异可能有助于更好地理解颈部/肩部MSD的性别特异性机制。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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