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Hox genes: Downstream "effectors" of retinoic acid signaling in vertebrate embryogenesis.
genesis ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-21 , DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23306
Christof Nolte 1 , Bony De Kumar 1 , Robb Krumlauf 1, 2
Affiliation  

One of the major regulatory challenges of animal development is to precisely coordinate in space and time the formation, specification, and patterning of cells that underlie elaboration of the basic body plan. How does the vertebrate plan for the nervous and hematopoietic systems, heart, limbs, digestive, and reproductive organs derive from seemingly similar population of cells? These systems are initially established and patterned along the anteroposterior axis (AP) by opposing signaling gradients that lead to the activation of gene regulatory networks involved in axial specification, including the Hox genes. The retinoid signaling pathway is one of the key signaling gradients coupled to the establishment of axial patterning. The nested domains of Hox gene expression, which provide a combinatorial code for axial patterning, arise in part through a differential response to retinoic acid (RA) diffusing from anabolic centers established within the embryo during development. Hence, Hox genes are important direct effectors of retinoid signaling in embryogenesis. This review focuses on describing current knowledge on the complex mechanisms and regulatory processes, which govern the response of Hox genes to RA in several tissue contexts including the nervous system during vertebrate development.

中文翻译:

Hox基因:脊椎动物胚胎发生中视黄酸信号的下游“效应子”。

动物发展的主要监管挑战之一是在空间和时间上精确协调基础人体计划的基础细胞的形成,规格和模式。脊椎动物如何从看似相似的细胞群体中衍生出神经和造血系统,心脏,四肢,消化器官和生殖器官的计划?这些系统最初是通过相对的信号梯度沿前后轴(AP)建立并进行模式化的,这些信号梯度导致激活涉及轴向规范的基因调控网络(包括Hox基因)的激活。类维生素A信号通路是与轴向构图建立相关的关键信号梯度之一。Hox的嵌套域基因表达提供了用于轴向模式的组合代码,部分通过对视黄酸(RA)的不同反应而产生,这些反应从胚胎在发育过程中建立的合成代谢中心扩散而来。因此,Hox基因是类维生素A信号在胚胎发生中的重要直接效应子。这篇综述的重点是描述有关复杂机制和调控过程的当前知识,这些知识和机制调控着Hox基因在脊椎动物发育过程中包括神经系统在内的多种组织环境中对RA的反应。
更新日期:2019-05-21
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