Trapping of a single molecule in the fluid phase was realized decades following developments in the gas-phase, because in some ways the solution phase posed a greater challenge. The key issues have since been addressed by several different means; techniques to confine nanometer scale entities in solution now abound and are gaining traction in a variety of single molecule studies. Available methods range from pure physical entrapment of a molecule on the one hand to electrokinetic and optical techniques, and approaches that exploit thermodynamic principles on the other. Some trapping techniques have also opened up new avenues to highly precise, accurate measurements of molecular physical properties in solution.

中文翻译：

---

溶液中的单分子捕获和测量。

在气相发展数十年后，才实现了将单分子截留在液相中，因为在某些方面，溶液相提出了更大的挑战。此后，已通过几种不同的方式解决了关键问题。目前，将纳米级实体限制在溶液中的技术比比皆是，并且在各种单分子研究中正逐渐受到关注。可用的方法从一方面是分子的纯物理捕获到电动和光学技术，另一方面是利用热力学原理的方法。一些捕集技术还开辟了新途径，可以对溶液中的分子物理性质进行高度精确的测量。