Reading abilities are acquired only through specific teaching and training. A significant proportion of children fail to achieve these skills despite normal intellectual abilities and an appropriate opportunity to learn. Difficulty in learning to read is attributable to specific dysfunctions of the brain, which so far remain poorly understood. However, it is recognized that the neurological basis for dyslexia, or reading disability, is caused in large part by genetic factors. Linkage studies have successfully identified several regions of the human genome that are likely to harbor susceptibility genes for dyslexia. In the past few years there have been exciting advances with the identification of four candidate genes located within three of these linked chromosome regions: DYX1C1 on chromosome 15, ROBO1 on chromosome 3, and KIAA0319 and DCDC2 on chromosome 6. Functional studies of these genes are offering new insights about the biological mechanisms underlying the development of dyslexia and, in general, of cognition.

中文翻译：

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阅读障碍的遗传词典。

阅读能力只有通过特定的教学和培训才能获得。尽管有正常的智力能力和适当的学习机会，但仍有很大一部分儿童未能掌握这些技能。学习阅读困难归因于大脑的特定功能障碍，到目前为止，人们对这一功能的了解仍然很少。但是，已经认识到，诵读困难或阅读障碍的神经学基础在很大程度上是由遗传因素引起的。连锁研究成功地鉴定了人类基因组的几个区域，这些区域可能带有阅读障碍的易感基因。在过去的几年中，通过鉴定位于这些相连的染色体区域中的三个区域内的四个候选基因取得了令人兴奋的进展：染色体15上的DYX1C1，染色体3上的ROBO1，